By Agendas: Aleksandr Tšaplõgin

Total Agendas: 126

Fully Profiled: 126

All Categories Political Position Topic Expertise Rhetorical Style Activity Patterns Opposition Stance Collaboration Style Regional Focus Economic Views Social Issues Legislative Focus
2025-10-16
Debate on the nationally important issue "Why is food expensive?", initiated by the Estonian Centre Party faction.

XV Riigikogu, VI Session, Plenary Sitting

The speaker demonstrates expertise regarding the comparative context of European food prices, noting that Estonia is among the five countries with the highest price levels. In proposing political solutions, he/she utilizes international examples (such as Hungary's fuel price cap) and previous Estonian regulations (electricity tariffs up until 2013).
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2025-10-09
First Reading of the Draft Act on Amendments to the Value-Added Tax Act (661 SE)

The 15th Riigikogu, 6th Session, Plenary Sitting

The speaker demonstrates expertise in tax policy and legislative procedures, clearly differentiating between a draft resolution and a personally introduced bill. The focus is specifically on the topic of lowering the VAT on Estonian fruits and vegetables.
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2025-10-08
2025 Report by the Minister of Social Affairs on the Implementation of the National Long-Term Development Strategy "Estonia 2035"

The 15th Riigikogu, 6th Session, Plenary Sitting

The speaker demonstrates awareness of healthcare accessibility issues, specifically mentioning queue lengths and the necessity of using funding to resolve them. However, there is a lack of detailed data or technical terminology that would substantiate deep professional expertise in either financing or the medical field.
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2025-10-07
First Reading of the 2026 State Budget Bill (737 SE)

The 15th Riigikogu, 6th Session, Plenary Sitting

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the economic situation facing households, focusing specifically on the issues of living paycheck to paycheck and having to take out loans just to cover utility bills. While specific statistical data or technical terminology are absent, the description of the problems is detailed.
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2025-09-10
Information session

15th Riigikogu, 6th sitting, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise regarding the Riigikogu Rules of Procedure and Internal Rules Act and procedural matters, especially concerning the procedure for submitting questions during the Information Hour. This knowledge is utilized to challenge the decisions made by the presiding officer and demand that the Prime Minister adhere to the law.
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2025-09-04
Chair implementation

15th Riigikogu, extraordinary session of the Riigikogu

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of taxation (lowering the VAT rate), election law (the allocation of compensatory mandates), and the Riigikogu's rules of procedure (conducting sessions and adhering to regulations). A separate area of expertise that stands out is a detailed knowledge of the content and ownership structure of Russian-language media, which is employed to criticize the government's funding decisions. Specific technical terms or statistics are used minimally, with the focus placed instead on the substantive justification of draft legislation.
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2025-06-18
Draft law amending the Planning Act and other laws (accelerating the adoption of renewable energy) (541 SE) – third reading

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates a solid grasp of the financial mechanisms underpinning renewable energy support schemes, detailing how they involve consumer subsidization and state guarantees for investment recovery. The presentation highlights the scheme's unjustified profitability and questions the selection process for the companies afforded the opportunity to profit handsomely with government backing. The analysis is primarily focused on criticizing the economic structure of the scheme.
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2025-06-18
The Future of Energy

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates a high level of expertise regarding energy and electricity market mechanisms. Specific data is utilized (e.g., the cost of production for oil shale and wind energy, the speculative proportion of Nord Pool transactions), and the activities of market participants (Elering, Enefit Green) are well understood. The expertise is aimed at exposing market inefficiencies and unfair practices.
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2025-06-11
Draft law amending the Church and Religious Communities Act (570 UA) – second reading

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates expertise in constitutional matters, stressing the principles of the rule of law and the separation of church and state. Specific terminology (canonical ties) is employed, and reference is made to the legal principle that punishment can only be imposed for a specific committed act. The argument is further supported by a reference to the president's comment.
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2025-06-11
Draft law amending the simplified taxation act for entrepreneurs and the income tax act, and repealing the security tax act – second reading

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates expertise in macroeconomic and crisis management models, drawing comparisons with European countries (Germany, Finland). Technical terms such as GDP, tax revenues, and the real economy are utilized, supporting the arguments with historical data concerning the 2009 crisis. Emphasis is placed on the immutability of economic laws, which links tax increases directly to economic recession.
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2025-06-09
Inquiry Regarding the Spread of Poverty in Estonia (No. 757)

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates expertise in public finance and social expenditures, backing this up with comparative data (Estonia vs. France/Austria GDP shares) and specific statistics regarding the number of officials and subsistence benefits. Special attention is drawn to the cost and economic impracticality of major projects (Rail Baltic, wind farms), alongside the healthcare funding deficit (€250 million).
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2025-06-04
Trust crisis

15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of political analysis, referencing political analyst Martin Mölder and utilizing specific support figures. They distinguish themselves with a broad approach to security, which encompasses economic, energy, and food security in addition to military security. Regarding tax policy, reference is made to Urmas Reinsalu’s article concerning 26 new taxes.
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2025-06-03
The Minister of Public Administration's 2025 presentation on the implementation of the state's long-term development strategy "Estonia 2035"

Fifteenth Riigikogu, fifth session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates a thorough understanding of the multifaceted aspects of the Rail Baltic project, including economic viability indicators (passenger and freight volumes) and military security risks. Specific questions were also raised regarding financing challenges and deadlines in Latvia and Poland.
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2025-06-02
First reading of the draft law on the state's supplementary budget for 2025 (651 SE)

15th Riigikogu, Fifth Session, Plenary Session

The speaker demonstrates knowledge in the field of public administration and fiscal statistics, highlighting a specific comparative data point regarding the number of Estonian officials per taxpayer in Europe. The expertise focuses on the topic of administrative costs and the size of the state apparatus, emphasizing the need for reduction.
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2025-05-13
First reading of the draft resolution of the Riigikogu "Organizing a referendum on the question of electricity production from oil shale" (581 OE)

15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates knowledge in the energy sector by using specific statistical data concerning the share of green energy (half of the energy produced) and consumer subsidies (€23 million). This indicates expertise in evaluating the economic impact of energy and the capability to present technical data.
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2025-05-07
Draft law amending the Unemployment Insurance Act and, in consequence thereof, amending other laws (519 SE) – Second Reading

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates expertise in social policy and state budget issues, utilizing statistics comparing Estonia's social expenditure as a percentage of GDP (15%) with other European countries (France, Finland, Austria). They propose specific financial alternatives for generating savings, such as cutting public administration costs by half (€0.5 billion) and abandoning the green transition. Furthermore, the speaker references a €3 billion sum allocated for subsidies, the list of which remains unpublished, thereby highlighting the lack of budget transparency.
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2025-05-07
Draft law amending the Planning Act and other laws (accelerating the adoption of renewable energy) (541 SE) - second reading

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates expertise in energy policy and economics, comparing the costs of green energy and oil shale and citing a specific subsidy amount (23 million euros last year). He highlights technical requirements, such as the necessity of maintaining a reserve of dispatchable generation capacity. These arguments are supported by international examples (the power outage in Spain and Portugal) to illustrate the unreliability of green energy.
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2025-05-07
Food safety

15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the field of food security and agriculture, highlighting specific deficits (potatoes, pork, poultry). They utilize precise figures and statistics (e.g., 70% of potatoes, one-third of pork) and technical details (such as the lack of hatcheries) to substantiate claims regarding the critical state of the sector.
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2025-04-21
First reading of the draft resolution "Establishment of a Riigikogu investigative committee to examine the security of the Riigikogu e-election process" (576 OE)

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates knowledge regarding the procedural issues of e-elections and their international context, highlighting that a similar system is only in use in Russia and Venezuela. The expertise focuses on procedural legitimacy and comparative politics, raising questions about verification and the voluntary nature of the system.
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2025-04-14
Inquiry regarding the energy sector (no. 724)

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates a thorough understanding of how the energy market operates, citing Nord Pool's speculative transactions (89%) and Elering's role in profiting from the price spread. He/She employs specific data and technical terminology (transmission capacity, CO2 quotas, repair of power plant blocks) and proposes detailed solutions for utilizing the existing oil shale resource. Furthermore, the speaker highlights the historical context by referencing the 2013 regulatory change.
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2025-04-09
Who leads Estonia’s finances

15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge regarding the fundamental principles of economic policy (market economy) and specific expenditures (wind farm subsidies). The expertise lies primarily in accurately citing and verifying ministers' statements and official documents (transcripts, ERR quotes). It is emphasized that the principles governing the functioning of the economy must be understandable to entrepreneurs.
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2025-03-26
Draft law amending the Church and Religious Communities Act (570 SE) – second reading

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates knowledge regarding the history of the Estonian War of Independence and the actions taken by the Bolsheviks against Orthodox churches a century ago. The legal aspect is also emphasized, criticizing the government for using the argument of a "possible threat" as a legal basis, noting that this phrase is not a valid legal term.
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2025-03-26
Draft law amending the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (536 SE) – Third Reading

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates expertise in constitutional law, citing the conflict between collective punishment and the principles of democracy and the constitution. Furthermore, specific statistical data (80,000 Russian citizens versus fewer than 2,000 who voted for Putin) are employed to rebut the opposing side's security arguments. Inquiries are also raised concerning the execution of risk analyses (covering security, political, and international risks).
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2025-03-24
Draft law amending the Electricity Market Act (568 SE) - First Reading

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the field of energy policy and economics, focusing specifically on the analysis of CO2 taxes and the competitiveness of oil shale. It is stressed that oil shale is an inexpensive fuel and that price hikes are driven by political taxes, rather than economic factors. Reference is made to the stance of Eesti Energia to support the argument regarding the feasibility of keeping oil shale operations running continuously.
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2025-03-19
Market economy in Estonia

15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, press briefing.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the principles of economic functioning, especially concerning market economy, planned economy, and competition. He/She analyzes detailed examples from the energy sector (taxation vs. subsidization) using an economic policy framework. Furthermore, he/she raises ethical questions regarding the exploitation of a political position and suspicions of corruption.
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2025-03-17
Inquiry regarding the financing of Russian-language Delfi and ETV+

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates specific awareness of the content and ownership structures of Russian-language media, citing examples of pornographic themes and political party affiliations. This knowledge is aimed at analyzing media content and political influence, referencing specific publications such as Russian Delfi and Russian Postimees.
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2025-03-12
Government foreign policy

The 15th Riigikogu, fifth sitting, information briefing.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the fields of foreign policy, security, and diplomatic protocol by referencing specific events (Kallas's visit to Washington) and strategic mineral resources (phosphorite, rare earth metals). Exact quotes from the minister’s previous statements are utilized to highlight political inconsistency.
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2025-03-10
First reading of the draft resolution of the Riigikogu “Establishment of a Riigikogu investigative committee to examine the circumstances related to the termination of Nordica’s activities” (543 OE)

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the history of Estonian national aviation, referencing both the bankruptcy of Estonian Air and the establishment and subsequent failure of Nordica. The analysis focuses on the necessity and economic viability of a national airline, while questioning the expediency of state intervention in this sector.
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2025-02-19
Draft law amending the Church and Religious Communities Act (570 SE) – First Reading

15th Estonian Parliament, 5th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the canonical structures of the Orthodox Church by inquiring about the canonical differences between the Patriarchates of Moscow and Constantinople. He/She uses specific examples, such as the Pühtitsa Convent, to challenge the minister's assertions regarding the political exploitation of the church by the Kremlin.
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2025-02-18
Draft resolution "Proposal to the Republic of Estonia's Government Regarding the Imposition of a Temporary Solidarity Tax on the Banking Sector" (535 OE) – First Reading

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates a command of the tax structure, citing specific rates for Value Added Tax (VAT) (22%, set to rise to 24%) and the advance corporate income tax for banks (18%). Emphasis is also placed on the Eurozone’s highest loan interest rates and the billion-euro profits accrued by commercial banks. Financial data is utilized to substantiate the claim of unjust revenue generation and an unequal tax burden.
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2025-01-29
The Chancellor of Justice's proposal to align the Electricity Market Act with the Constitution.

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of energy market regulations, focusing on the conditions for fair competition, consumer taxation, and producer support. Economic and legal terms are used, such as the Electricity Market Act, market economy, and the taxation of energy derived from oil shale.
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2025-01-22
Draft law amending the Value Added Tax Act (539 SE) - First Reading

15th Estonian Parliament, 5th session, plenary session.

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the tax experiences of European countries (Greece, Finland, Germany), using these arguments to support the reduction of VAT on foodstuffs. The expertise focuses on the direct impact of tax policy on food accessibility and the methods for compensating for the resulting reduction in budget revenues.
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2025-01-15
Draft law amending the Occupational Health and Safety Act and the Health Insurance Act (504 SE) - First Reading

15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates expertise in social security and occupational health, detailing the benefit payment scheme (days 1, 2–4, 5+). This expertise is supported by economic data, citing a potential annual economic loss of up to 2 billion euros resulting from employee illnesses.
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2024-12-18
Estonian and Georgian relations

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th sitting, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates detailed knowledge of foreign policy, referencing the specific number of sanctions (25 officials, including the prime minister) and the reason for imposing them (the use of police against demonstrators). Reference is also made to the Riigikogu's previous stance on recognizing the Georgian election results, which indicates a strong command of the relevant facts.
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2024-12-11
Third reading of the draft law on the 2025 state budget (513 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates knowledge in the fields of macroeconomics, fiscal policy, and banking. Specific data is utilized (a 0.7% rise in the tax burden, 900 million euros in revenue), and complex topics are addressed, such as the dynamics of tax collection and the repatriation of foreign banks' profits from Estonia. He/She also cites the opinions of experts and businessmen to support his/her skeptical stance.
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2024-12-11
Draft law amending the Alcohol, Tobacco, Fuel and Electricity Excise Tax Act and other laws (510 SE) - Third Reading

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates a command of macroeconomic principles, citing economics textbooks regarding the impact of taxation on economic growth. Their professional competence is evident in the area of fiscal policy, where they offer specific alternatives concerning both taxation (progressive income tax) and expenditure cuts (Rail Baltic, green energy subsidies). They present concrete claims regarding potential savings (billions of euros).
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2024-12-11
Economic Growth and Eesti Energia

Fifteenth Riigikogu, Fourth session, press briefing.

The speaker demonstrates knowledge in the fields of macroeconomics (specifically, the number of quarters in recession) and energy policy. Concrete data is utilized, such as the loss of 500 jobs and the prohibition on generating 700 megawatt-hours of electricity, underscoring the negative impact of Eesti Energia’s operations. This expertise is employed to highlight the detrimental nature of the strict, self-imposed environmental requirements.
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2024-12-10
Draft law amending the Act on the Status of a Member of the Riigikogu (528 SE) – first reading

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session

There is not enough data.
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2024-12-04
Second reading of the draft law on the security tax (512 SE)

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of comparative tax policy, highlighting Lithuania’s example of implementing a special tax on banks to fund security. The domestic economic impact is also emphasized, referencing the decline in citizens' living standards and the effect of tax hikes on poorer groups.
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2024-12-04
Second reading of the draft law amending the Alcohol, Tobacco, Fuel and Electricity Excise Tax Act and other laws (510 SE)

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of macroeconomic indicators, accurately citing the duration of the economic downturn (the tenth consecutive quarter) and the percentage of price increases (40% over the last three years). Specific alternative budget cuts are also proposed, such as the maintenance of the army of officials, Rail Baltic, and the green transition.
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2024-12-03
Continuation of the second reading of the draft law amending the Child Protection Act and other laws (427 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

There is not enough data.
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2024-11-21
Draft law amending the Unemployment Insurance Act and, in consequence thereof, amending other laws (519 SE) - first reading

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates knowledge regarding the impact of the unemployment insurance system on various categories of citizens, particularly students and welfare recipients. The analysis connects the social consequences of the reform with broader economic factors, such as inflation, rising prices, and tax hikes. Although specific technical data or statistics are absent, a clear overview of the burden shifting to local municipalities is provided.
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2024-11-21
Draft law amending the State Duty Act and the Act on Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances and Their Precursors (502 SE) – Second Reading

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the official justifications for raising state fees (covering administrative costs) and directly links this to the ultimate transfer of consumer and business costs onto citizens. The focus is on the financial impact of regulatory charges on medicine costs and the social sphere.
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2024-11-20
Draft law amending the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (527 SE) – first reading

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the security and legal sectors, utilizing authoritative sources to back their arguments. They directly cite the views of Arnold Sinisalu, the former Director of the Security Police Board, and Chancellor of Justice Ülle Madise, in order to cast doubt on the draft bill's security justification. Furthermore, they emphasize the principles of the rule of law and democracy concerning the matter of collective punishment.
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2024-11-20
Draft law amending the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (536 SE) – first reading

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates awareness of security issues and the assessment of policy consequences, citing the viewpoint of Arnold Sinisalu, the former head of the Security Police Board. The expert analysis emphasizes that the revocation of voting rights, instead of solving existing problems, may generate additional security threats. References to the principles of the rule of law and democracy are used to contest the foundations of the draft bill.
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2024-11-20
Draft law amending the Social Welfare Act and the Value Added Tax Act (mental health services) – third reading (500 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the high cost of psychological assistance and the funding issues facing local municipalities, citing the unrealistic support allocation of 500 euros per 5,000 residents as an example. The necessity for non-standard and case-by-case solutions is emphasized, as different options must be explored for every single case.
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2024-11-20
Energetics

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th sitting, press briefing.

The politician demonstrates expertise at the intersection of energy and economics, highlighting a specific detail in the pricing of fossil fuels and oil shale where the role of taxes outweighs the price of the fuel itself. He employs specific terminology such as the "green agenda" and references international economic partners (the USA, the EU).
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2024-11-20
The churning of pensioners.

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th sitting, press briefing.

The politician demonstrates a conceptual understanding of the nature of pensions, defining them as a debt repayable by the state, based on taxes paid throughout one's life. Specific data, statistics, or technical terms are not used; instead, the legal and moral argument is emphasized.
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2024-11-06
Continuation of the first reading of the draft law repealing the Motor Vehicle Tax Act (488 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates expertise in analyzing tax policy and state budget expenditures, citing examples of the unfair logic of taxation (expensive luxury cars versus work vehicles). Specific figures and projects are also presented (30,000 civil servants, Rail Baltic, green energy subsidies) where savings could be made, indicating knowledge of the state budget structure.
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2024-11-06
The situation in the country

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise regarding the internal procedures of the Riigikogu, especially concerning the compilation of the information hour queue and the frequency of opportunities to speak. He/She is able to accurately track his/her previous speaking turn numbers and frequency. Data is lacking concerning other political topics or technical details.
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2024-11-05
Overview of the Government of the Republic’s Activities in the Implementation of European Union Policy

Fifteenth Riigikogu, fourth session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the field of energy, specifically focusing on oil shale energy and its relationship with the green agenda. They also possess a comprehensive understanding of the energy policies of other EU countries (Germany, Poland), leveraging this information for comparative analysis. This knowledge is then utilized to highlight political criticism and contradictions.
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2024-10-17
Draft law amending the Social Welfare Act (pension support) - first reading (508 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates awareness of significant national expenditure figures and budget priorities, citing specific amounts (e.g., €1 billion for Rail Baltic, €3 billion allocated to unknown organizations). There is a lack of deep technical analysis regarding the amendments to the Social Welfare Act, focusing instead on the unreasonableness of the expenditures.
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2024-10-17
Draft law amending the Social Welfare Act and the Value Added Tax Act (mental health services) – first reading (500 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the practical challenges associated with funding social welfare and local government. Specific emphasis is placed on the high cost of mental health services and the shortage of specialists (psychologists), indicating competence in service management and resource distribution.
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2024-10-16
Draft law on the 2025 state budget (513 SE) - first reading

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates an understanding of macro-level issues (economy, demography, poverty) and the structure of the budget, identifying three tasks critical to the country's development. He poses a critical question about the appropriateness of hundreds of millions in green energy subsidies, referencing the government's free-market ideology.
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2024-10-16
Draft Security Tax Act (512 SE) – First Reading

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the relationship between taxes and the economy, emphasizing the general economic principle that a tax increase has a negative impact. No specific data, statistics, or deeper technical economic terminology is used.
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2024-10-16
Minister of Finance's Statements

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th sitting, press briefing

The expertise surfaces through the analysis of political rhetoric and government communication, particularly concerning the branding of criticism as anti-government. Furthermore, it demonstrates an awareness of ministerial salary levels and the economic plight of specific social groups (pensioners, minimum wage earners). No data or technical terminology is employed; the emphasis remains strictly on political accountability.
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2024-10-16
Electrical supply

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th sitting, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the financial aspects of energy policy, citing a specific monetary figure (hundreds of millions of euros) regarding subsidies paid to green energy producers. Furthermore, the technical dependence of green energy production on weather conditions is highlighted, which suggests a certain level of sectoral expertise.
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2024-10-15
Draft law amending the Alcohol, Tobacco, Fuel and Electricity Excise Tax Act and other laws (510 SE) – first reading

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary session

The speaker focuses on the economic consequences of excise policy, highlighting the direct impact of electricity and fuel excise duties on the standard of living and business losses. To support their position, external expertise ("scientists") is referenced, which provides an authoritative basis for the topic.
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2024-10-15
First reading of the draft law amending the Income Tax Act and the Defence Service Act, and the draft law amending the Income Tax Act (509 SE)

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary session

There is not enough data.
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2024-10-14
Draft law amending the Family Benefits Act and other laws (507 SE) – first reading

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the problems inherent in healthcare financing and proposes a specific fiscal solution (a special tax on bank profits). The expertise provided is geared toward offering political and ideological solutions, rather than presenting detailed technical data.
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2024-10-09
Management Decisions

15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise in state budget and financial management matters, focusing on the transparency of the budgetary process. To substantiate this knowledge, references are made to specific high-level experts—the Chancellor of Justice and economists—to support the assertion of complexity.
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2024-10-09
Agricultural policy and the future of Tartu Agro

15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge regarding the links between consumer purchasing power and local food production, citing a sharp decline in sales across retail chains. He/She employs specific terminology, directly connecting economic factors (rising prices, a drop in the standard of living) with a security risk.
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2024-10-08
Draft law amending the Criminal Code (452 SE) – First Reading

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session

There is not enough data.
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2024-09-25
Draft resolution "Appointment of an auditor to audit the activities of the National Audit Office for 2024–2025" (495 OE) - first reading

15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates knowledge in checking the background and data of business entities, specifically citing Krediidiinfo data regarding the company's date of incorporation. This indicates proficiency in investigating the corporate background of entities involved in state contracts.
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2024-09-25
Rail Baltic

15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, press briefing

The speaker exhibits expertise regarding the financial data of infrastructure projects, specifically highlighting a concrete cost (26,000 euros per meter for Rail Baltic). The emphasis is placed on economic viability and the demand for specific financial indicators (final cost, annual supplementary contribution, payback period), which suggests a detailed awareness of the project's budgetary specifics.
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2024-09-25
The situation in the country.

15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of socioeconomic indicators, citing a recent study and specific figures (an 84% decline in purchasing power, 24% taking out loans). This underscores the use of statistical data to highlight the issue of falling purchasing power and increased borrowing.
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2024-09-25
About the Estonian economy

15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of macroeconomic issues, referencing the Bank of Estonia's recent economic forecast as an authoritative source. Specific terms and indicators, such as inflation, unemployment, real wages, and economic growth, are used to support their criticism.
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2024-09-19
First reading of the Draft Act amending the Basic Schools and Upper Secondary Schools Act and the Vocational Educational Institutions Act (404 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates an awareness of everyday purchase prices and the value of money in the current market, stressing the insufficiency of 1 euro. This expertise is based more on practical life experience and rhetorical challenge than on specific data or technical terminology concerning the education budget.
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2024-09-19
First Reading of the Draft Act on Amendments to the Family Benefits Act (388 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates knowledge concerning the required funding for family benefits (nearly 200 million euros) and recent inflation (with prices having risen 40% in three years). This expertise is evident in the way they connect the demographic crisis with social policy (specifically, benefits), highlighting the direct influence of financial support on the birth rate.
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2024-09-18
Economy

15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the areas of taxation and international competitiveness. Specific economic terms are employed, such as "labor taxes," "value-added tax" (VAT), and "corporate income tax." The central question revolves around Estonia's competitive advantage on the international stage.
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2024-09-11
Government economic policy

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, press briefing.

The speaker demonstrates strong expertise in macroeconomic topics, utilizing technical terminology (inflation, economic growth) and referencing economics textbooks. Specific statistics are provided to back up the critique, emphasizing a price hike of nearly 40% over the course of three years. The analysis centers specifically on the root causes of the recession and inflation.
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2024-09-11
Salaries in the Ministry of the Interior Sector

15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, press briefing.

The speaker demonstrates a clear awareness of Tallinn's city budget decisions, highlighting a specific sum (3 million euros) and naming both the supported private school (Avatud Kool) and the struggling public school (Kalamaja School). Furthermore, the speaker is informed about the personal connections between the mayor and deputy mayor and the private school.
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2024-09-10
First Reading of the Draft Act (412 SE) on Amendments to the Riigikogu Election Act (Obtaining a Compensatory Mandate Based on the Number of Votes Cast for the Candidate)

15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates expertise regarding the Riigikogu Election Law and the system of compensatory mandates. This expertise is supported by the use of specific examples (MPs with 400 or 600 votes) to illustrate the flaws of the current system. The command of the subject matter is limited to the technical and ethical aspects of electoral administration.
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2024-07-29
Second Reading of the Motor Vehicle Tax Bill (364 UA)

15th Riigikogu, extraordinary session of the Riigikogu

The speaker demonstrates a strong grasp of macroeconomics, pointing to the absence of economic recovery for the third consecutive year, coupled with declining turnover in trade and reduced production. The analysis centers on the specifics of tax policy, suggesting alternative taxation methods—such as a bank tax and progressive income tax—while opposing the proposed sales tax and vehicle tax.
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2024-07-22
Granting Authorization to Prime Ministerial Candidate Kristen Michal to Form the Government

15th Riigikogu, Riigikogu's extraordinary session.

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of macroeconomic relationships, highlighting the impact of taxes on economic growth and consumption. To support the arguments, a quote from an economic expert (Swedbank chief economist Tõnu Mertsina) is utilized, lending authority to the positions taken. Technical terms such as tax revenue and consumption growth are addressed.
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2024-07-15
Reconsideration of the Motor Vehicle Tax Act (364 UA) left unpromulgated by the President of the Republic

15th Riigikogu, Extraordinary session of the Riigikogu

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the social and economic impacts of tax policy, emphasizing the negative effect of tax hikes on economic growth and poorer segments of the population. The analysis is rather general and high-level; specific technical or statistical data are missing.
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2024-06-14
Second Reading of the Draft State Supplementary Budget Act for 2024 (456 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, additional plenary session

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of state finance and budget implementation, specifically pointing out the fact that ministries left hundreds of millions of euros unused last year. This indicates an understanding of the details of budget execution and a lack of financial discipline.
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2024-06-12
The Actions of the Government and the Prime Minister

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise regarding the government's internal procedures and communication, specifically focusing on the obligation for information sharing between the minister and the prime minister. This expertise addresses the protocols for the head of government's international representation and the necessity of consulting the government before crucial meetings.
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2024-06-11
First Reading of the Riigikogu Draft Statement "On the Crisis of Democracy in Georgia" (449 AE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session.

The expertise focuses on fundamental concepts of international politics and constitutional law, such as the legitimacy of elections and authorities, and the principle of non-interference in internal affairs. The speaker uses these concepts to challenge the very basis of the debate. There are no references to specific data or technical terminology.
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2024-06-10
First Reading of the Draft Act on the 2024 Supplementary Budget (456 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates competence in macroeconomic issues, focusing specifically on the relationship between the supplementary budget and economic recovery. Technical terms like "economic growth" and "recovery prospects" are employed, indicating a clear, conscious interest in fiscal policy. This expertise is evident in the targeted questions concerning the evaluation of the budget's economic impact.
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2024-06-05
Second reading of the Motor Vehicle Tax Bill (364 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary sitting

The politician demonstrates knowledge of tax policy and state budget alternatives, referencing specific bills (the car tax, the banks' windfall profit tax) and various tax types. He emphasizes the necessity of taxing large digital corporations and implementing a European-style progressive income tax. His line of reasoning centers on the social impact of fiscal policy decisions.
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2024-06-05
The Actions of the Government and the Prime Minister

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates awareness of high-level international political forums (the Bilderberg meeting) and internal government briefing procedures. The expertise is limited to matters concerning government operations and the duties of the prime minister; there is no use of data or technical terminology.
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2024-06-05
Ida-Viru County specialist doctors and hospitals' overtime coefficients

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker shows interest in large healthcare infrastructure projects, specifically inquiring about the status of the Tallinn Hospital project. The expertise available is limited to confirming the project's existence and highlighting the need to ascertain its current status. There is no data available regarding the use of technical terminology or statistics.
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2024-05-29
First Reading of the Draft Resolution of the Riigikogu (407 OE) "Making a Proposal to the Government of the Republic regarding the Increase of Support for Youth Extracurricular Activities."

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session

The expertise is limited to financial questions and budgetary procedures, since a direct question is posed regarding the sources of cost coverage. Data or technical terms related to youth work or hobby activities are missing.
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2024-05-29
First reading of the Draft Resolution of the Riigikogu "Making a Proposal to the Government of the Republic for Lowering the Value-Added Tax on Domestic Fruits and Vegetables to 5 Percent" (406 OE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of tax policy alternatives (value-added tax, special levies, progressive income tax) and their impact on both public health and the local economy. The expertise focuses on proposing political solutions, highlighting the dual benefit of the proposals. The use of detailed data or statistics is absent.
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2024-05-29
First reading of the Riigikogu Draft Resolution "Supporting the Introduction of Nuclear Energy in Estonia" (431 OE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates interest in energy policy and the market economy, focusing specifically on the pricing mechanism for a new energy source (nuclear energy). Their expertise is evident in their ability to pose a specific economic question relevant to the consumer. Although no data or technical terminology is used, the focus remains clearly on the economic aspect.
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2024-05-29
First reading of the Draft Act Amending the Child Protection Act and Other Acts (427 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session

The presenter refers to the "Scandinavian model," demonstrating a certain awareness of international child protection practices. Specific data, statistics, or technical terms are not used; instead, this knowledge is leveraged to highlight fears and dangers.
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2024-05-29
Government Investments and Defense Spending

15th Estonian Parliament, 3rd session, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the large budget figures and the scale of investments (2 billion, 1.2 billion euros). He demands precise economic indicators, such as the percentage impact of these investments on economic growth. To support these arguments, statements made by the Commander of the Defense Forces (General Herem) regarding the actual increase in defense spending are utilized.
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2024-05-28
Second Reading of the Bill for the Amendment of the Income Tax Act (416 SE)

15th Riigikogu, third session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the specifics of tax policy, referencing concrete financial implications (130 euros annually for the elderly) and major economic indicators (banks' billion-euro profits). This knowledge centers on the social and economic consequences of the changes to the tax law. Specific numerical data is utilized to support arguments regarding the unfair distribution of the tax burden.
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2024-05-27
The 2024 Report by the Minister of Social Protection on the Implementation of the State's Long-Term Development Strategy "Estonia 2035"

Fifteenth Riigikogu, third session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates expertise in social policy and taxation, focusing specifically on the taxation of pensions and the special tax on banks. He supports his arguments with concrete financial data, citing an annual loss of 130 euros for pensioners and the banks' billion-euro profit.
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2024-05-15
Government Decisions

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise regarding the personnel crisis in the education sector, using a specific statistical data point (700 job advertisements on CV Keskus) to illustrate the teacher shortage. Knowledge of the government's language policy timeline and its direct negative consequences for the labor market are emphasized.
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2024-05-15
Bureaucracy

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the statistical analysis of public administration and bureaucracy. The argumentation utilizes specific comparative data, highlighting the ratios of civil servants to taxpayers in Estonia (1:52) versus Germany (1:163). This indicates a capacity to use technical data effectively to support a political position.
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2024-05-09
Debate on the matter of significant national importance: "E-elections – a threat to democracy."

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates expertise in electoral procedures, highlighting the transparency of paper-based voting and the systemic shortcomings of e-voting (e.g., the inability to verify the voluntary nature of the vote and the lack of transparency in vote counting). To support their arguments, they reference public trust statistics, noting that nearly half of all citizens do not trust e-elections.
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2024-05-08
First Reading of the Draft Resolution of the Riigikogu "Making a Proposal to the Government of the Republic Regarding the Imposition of a Temporary Solidarity Tax on the Banking Sector" (367 OE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session.

The speaker demonstrates a nuanced understanding of complex tax issues, specifically contrasting the taxation of pensions with that of the banking sector. This expertise is further underscored by mentioning the presenter's previous role as Finance Minister, suggesting a deep familiarity with political contexts.
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2024-05-08
State and Church

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the legal and canonical aspects of church and state relations, distinguishing legal subordination from canonical relations with the Moscow Patriarchate. Emphasis is also placed on the analysis of security risks, linking doing business in Russia with direct dependence and support for Putin.
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2024-05-08
The Economic Situation

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise in state finance and economic policy, specifically focusing on loan agreements and economic support. They use technical terminology, such as "loan agreement," and insist that economic growth be measured in percentages, indicating a desire to delve into the specifics of economic policy.
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2024-05-06
A written motion submitted by 22 members of the Riigikogu for a vote of no confidence in the Minister of Education and Research, Kristina Kallas

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session.

The speaker demonstrates a specific interest in the implementation of education policy, focusing on quantitative data. Questions are raised concerning specific statistical indicators, such as the percentage of teachers without pedagogical training and the projected number of teachers who will lose their jobs.
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2024-05-02
First Reading of the Riigikogu Draft Statement (420 AE) "On Declaring the Moscow Patriarchate an Institution Supporting the Military Aggression of the Russian Federation"

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates the ability to identify procedural ambiguity and logical inconsistencies within the bill's objectives. The scope of expertise is limited to requiring clarification regarding the substance of the debate and the impact of the proposed statement, rather than utilizing technical data or statistics.
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2024-05-02
Continuation of the first reading of the Bill on the Tax on Sweetened Beverages (418 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session

The expert analysis focuses on the links between tax policy and public health, proposing a specific tax alternative (reducing the tax on fruits and vegetables) aimed at guiding consumer behavior. The presentation does not use specific data or technical terms from the health or fiscal sectors.
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2024-04-30
First reading of the Bill amending the Income Tax Act (416 SE)

Fifteenth Riigikogu, Third Session, Plenary Session.

The analysis focuses on tax policy and social security, characterizing the nature of the pension as a state debt owed for previously paid taxes. The speaker demonstrates awareness of the government's earlier tax hikes (VAT, excise duties) and references data concerning wealth inequality in Estonia, which is among the highest in Europe.
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2024-04-30
First Reading of the Bill on Amendments to the State Fees Act and Related Amendments to Other Acts (417 SE)

Fifteenth Riigikogu, Third Session, Plenary Session.

The speaker focuses on state fees, inflation, and citizens' incomes, linking these issues to the quality of services provided by the state. The expertise is demonstrated more through emphasizing the connections between citizens' economic well-being and government actions, rather than through the use of specific data or technical terminology.
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2024-04-30
First Reading of the Draft Act on the Amendment of the Penal Code and the Amendment of Other Related Acts (Increasing the Fine Unit) (Bill 415 SE)

Fifteenth Riigikogu, Third Session, Plenary Session.

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the social inequality inherent in the fine system and proposes an alternative solution (linking fines to income). The expertise lies at the intersection of criminal law and social justice. There are no references to technical data or statisticians, but the problem statement is clearly defined.
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2024-04-17
Second Reading of the Draft Act (344 SE) on the Amendment of the Riigikogu Election Act and Related Amendment of Other Acts

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary sitting

Drawing on previous membership, the individual demonstrates knowledge of the work of the Riigikogu committee and the legislative process. This expertise is focused on analyzing the technical and legal authentication issues (specifically voluntariness and independent voting) concerning the electoral law and e-voting.
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2024-04-17
Security

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, information briefing

The expert assessment focuses on the intersection of security and political ethics, highlighting the impact of family business connections (the Ossinovski family business) and taxes paid in Russia on national security. The speaker uses specific names (Jevgeni and Oleg Ossinovski) and stresses the theme of legacy to underscore personal responsibility.
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2024-04-17
Frightening the population

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, information briefing

The speaker expresses interest in the investment climate and the issue of economic losses, referencing investor fear. He demands an accounting from the government regarding the lost sums of money, suggesting a desire to use economic calculations as a basis for political criticism. No specific data or technical economic terms are presented.
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2024-04-10
Government decisions

15th Estonian Parliament, third sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the ongoing debate concerning the voting rights of Russian citizens. There is no evidence to suggest the use of data, statistics, or technical terminology.
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2024-04-10
The Prime Minister's Policy

15th Estonian Parliament, third sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of macroeconomics and fiscal policy, referencing specific economic indicators and historical parallels. They use data concerning the 2008 crisis, citing a 20% economic contraction and a rise in unemployment, to support their assertion regarding the dangers of the government’s current policy.
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2024-04-03
Pension Taxation

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the financial impact of tax policy, citing a specific figure (130 euros per year) that pensioners lose due to taxation. Furthermore, the speaker is aware of the government's previous promises and the coalition agreement regarding the taxation of pensions.
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2024-04-02
First reading of the Draft Resolution of the Riigikogu "Making a Proposal to the Government of the Republic to Abandon the Imposition of the Car Tax and Withdraw the Motor Vehicle Tax Bill from the Riigikogu Proceedings" (374 OE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the ongoing tax debates, particularly regarding the motor vehicle tax and the bank excess profit tax. The analysis focuses on comparing various political positions and raising the question of the justification for these taxes. Detailed data or technical terminology is avoided; the emphasis is solely on political logic.
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2024-03-20
Government Decisions

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, press briefing.

Competence is demonstrated in the area of macroeconomics and tax policy. Emphasis is placed on the direct negative impact of taxation on economic growth, business operations, and employment. Specific data is used regarding the duration of the economic downturn ("already two years").
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2024-03-20
Car Tax

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, press briefing.

The speaker demonstrates detailed knowledge of the social exemptions within the tax bill, focusing specifically on the absence of concessions for people with disabilities, large families, and those with low incomes. The expertise is directed toward social justice aspects of tax policy and the assessment of the constitutionality of the legislation.
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2024-03-19
The 2024 Report by the Minister of Health on the implementation of the state's long-term development strategy "Estonia 2035"

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session

The speaker demonstrates interest in public health policy, focusing on preventative measures related to nutrition, taxation, and the school environment. The discussion is specific, covering issues related to both sugar taxes and the taxation of fruits and vegetables. No specific data or statistics are utilized, but the subject matter is detailed.
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2024-03-13
The Present and Future Challenges Facing the Domestic Food Industry

15th Estonian Parliament, third sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of macroeconomic indicators, citing the duration of the economic downturn and the necessity of restoring economic growth. This expertise is also evident in the demand to name specific companies that have been assisted in preserving production and jobs.
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2024-03-06
Spreading misinformation

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of political scandals (such as the spouse's business dealings in Russia and promises of tax hikes) and historical privatizations (like Estonian Railways). To support these arguments, a recent confidence poll is cited, noting that only 19% of the public trusts the prime minister.
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2024-03-06
Government Decisions

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, press briefing

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the social impact of tax policy, distinguishing between the consequences of a flat tax and a luxury tax. The expertise focuses on proposing alternative taxation schemes, emphasizing their fairness. Specific technical data or statistics regarding tax rates are not presented.
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2024-03-04
Interpellation Regarding the Temporary Taxation of Banks' Excess Profits (No. 595)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary sitting

The speaker demonstrates expertise in banking and economics, citing a specific comparative data point from the Eurozone (Estonia having the most expensive loans). A fact-based argument is employed to back up criticism aimed at the actions of banks and the government.
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2024-02-14
First Reading of the Motor Vehicle Tax Bill (364 SE)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session

The expertise centers on the social and economic impact of tax policy, contrasting the motor vehicle tax with the taxation of banking sector profits. It is highlighted that banks are earning "hundreds of millions through the euro zone's most expensive loans." The specific expertise involves clarifying the connections between political logic and economic inequality.
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2024-02-14
Salaries of police officers and rescue workers

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates awareness of state budget expenditures, bringing up the specific financial data showing millions of euros spent by ministries early in the year on bonuses for civil servants. The subject matter expertise focuses on criticizing public sector wage policy and budget priorities. It is also stressed that the salary levels for rescue workers and police officers are below the average wage.
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2024-02-07
Tax Policy

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise in tax policy and socio-economic indicators, citing specific statistics regarding the distribution of poverty and wealth (25% are in poverty, 5% control 95% of the wealth). Separate emphasis is placed on knowledge concerning the profitability of the banking sector and the high cost of loans in the Eurozone, thereby supporting the idea of a windfall tax.
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2024-02-07
Nordica Special Audit

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker expresses concern regarding the business environment and commercial risks, stressing the uncertainty felt by Estonian entrepreneurs. Data, statistics, or technical terminology that would confirm deep professional expertise are lacking, but the subject is clearly related to economic stability and confidence.
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2024-01-24
Doctor Appointment Problems

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the healthcare system's problems, highlighting a specific metric (a six-month waiting list) and emphasizing the particularly challenging situation faced by the elderly. The expertise lies in diagnosing these issues, proposing two primary systemic causes: a shortage of specialists or insufficient funding.
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2024-01-24
Teachers

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge concerning the state budget and the distribution of administrative expenses, citing specific figures and institutions. A 10 million euro shortfall earmarked for teachers' salary increases is mentioned, alongside specific expenditures on officials' bonuses, such as the 600,000 euros allocated to PRIA. This expertise is directed at criticizing public sector finance and priorities.
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2024-01-17
Rail Baltica

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates knowledge of the financial aspects of the Rail Baltic project, referencing the assessment by Rail Baltic Estonia head Anvar Salomets concerning the project's non-viability. The emphasis is on the economic shortfalls and annual operating costs, not the technical details.
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2024-01-17
Economic competitiveness

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

Competence is demonstrated by highlighting the connections between economic policy and economic growth. No specific data, statistics, or complex technical terminology are used in the speech.
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2024-01-10
Electricity prices

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the area of housing costs and heating bills, using specific numerical data (apartment sizes in square meters and the corresponding heating bills expressed in euros). The professional focus is aimed at the anomaly of regional energy prices. Specific examples from Narva-Jõesuu, Loksa, and Aravete are emphasized when presenting this knowledge.
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2024-01-08
Inquiry Regarding the Threat to the Independence of Press Publications (No. 345)

15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session.

There is no data available concerning technical or economic expertise; the focus is on the political influence mechanism and the question of trust. The speaker concentrates on the ethical and political aspect of government-media relations, not the economic functioning of the media.
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