By Plenary Sessions: Maris Lauri

The speaker demonstrates profound expertise in the technical aspects of state budget formulation and execution, using terms like activity-based expenditure line items, operating costs, and depreciation. He emphasizes the budget's detail and transparency, referencing analyses from the Ministry of Finance and international comparisons. Furthermore, he is authoritative when clarifying budget terminology and concepts (expenditures versus financial transactions).

The speaker demonstrates profound expertise in macroeconomics, competitiveness theory, and capital accumulation, structuring the analysis around four economic pillars. Specific terminology is employed (convergence, value addition, productivity measurement), and historical context is provided regarding Estonia's economic development since the 1990s. The complexities of research and development (R&D) and labor market activation are addressed separately.

The speaker demonstrates profound expertise in the fields of anti-money laundering (AML), data protection law (GDPR, Law Enforcement Directive), and legislative procedures. Specific terminology is employed (RAB, the European Court of Justice, preliminary ruling, core functions, administrative authority), and reference is made to detailed legal disputes, such as the Supreme Court's referral to the European Court of Justice to clarify RAB's legal status.

The speaker demonstrates expertise regarding the procedural rules of the Riigikogu, particularly in the handling of bills returned by the President. They authoritatively cite the positions of the Constitutional Committee and the Finance Committee concerning the necessity of amending the anti-money laundering bill.

The speaker demonstrates profound expertise in financial regulation and the history of the Estonian financial system, referencing the country's re-independence and systemic issues (money laundering, crypto, credit unions/savings and loan associations). They employ specific terminology (positive credit register, banking regulations) and medical parallels (blood circulation, physician) to clarify the supervisory role. The speaker appears to be well-versed in the specifics of European-level banking supervision.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the field of financial regulation and data management, addressing specific topics such as the imposition of lending restrictions and the differentiation of registers (loans versus payment defaults). Technical details are presented regarding the scope of the register, including, for example, the exclusion of debt collection agencies and the estimated inclusion of one million contracts within the register.

The speaker demonstrates comprehensive expertise in the fields of anti-money laundering (AML), data protection, and legislative drafting procedures, detailing the core functions of the RAB (case analysis, strategic analysis) and new data processing methods. They employ technical terms such as "pseudonymization" and "depseudonymization," and reference specific consultations with the Data Protection Inspectorate, the Chancellor of Justice, and Supreme Court judgments. They emphasize that the use of data is being elevated from the regulatory level to the statutory level, ensuring compliance with personal data protection requirements.

The speaker demonstrates strong expertise in the handling of tax legislation and the Rules of Procedure of the Riigikogu, particularly regarding the distinction between proposed amendments and draft resolutions (referencing RKTKS Section 154 and Section 99, Subsection 1). He/She is meticulous in describing the committee's work processes, highlighting the involvement of interest groups (18 submissions, 3 responses) and the necessity for technical legislative amendments.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the field of judicial administration and constitutional law, utilizing specific terminology such as "budgetary independence." He specifically references the views of authorities (Mr. Pikamäe), which call into question the constitutionality of the draft bill.

Speakers A and C demonstrate specific knowledge: A is an expert in the field of the Money Laundering Prevention Act, mass data analysis, and pseudonymization, explaining the technical details of the new law. C demonstrates a detailed understanding of the functioning of the income tax system, referring to the tax hump, tax exemption, and its impact on people’s incomes. Speaker B shows knowledge of the commission’s work procedures and voting results.

The speaker demonstrates expertise regarding the Riigikogu's Rules of Procedure and the Finance Committee's processes, providing a detailed overview of the debate's progression and the voting outcomes. The topic concerns the assessment of the economic substance of the legislation and the adequacy of the current legal landscape, employing the technical term "review of economic substance."

The speaker demonstrates thorough expertise in tax policy and parliamentary procedure, explaining detailed aspects of taxation (distributed profit, taxation from the first euro) and committee decision-making processes. The presentation is technical and focuses on conveying the positions of the government and the Ministry of Finance regarding the avoidance of the budget gap.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in national security, border management, and hybrid attack strategy, referencing the experiences of Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland regarding border closures. He stresses the necessity of relying on threat assessments prepared by official authorities and analyzing the impact of these restrictions on both Estonian and Russian citizens. Technical terms such as "hybrid attacks" and "countermeasures" are employed.

The speaker demonstrates a high level of expertise concerning the State Budget Act and its procedural logic, referencing specific details such as the breakdown of revenues, expenditure articles, and the necessity of performance metrics. They emphasize the budget's complexity and the need for in-depth analysis, drawing on knowledge of previous budget models (activity-based budgeting) and the work done by the committee. The speaker refers to materials from the Ministry of Finance and government positions, indicating familiarity with the broader reform agenda.

The speaker demonstrates deep technical expertise concerning the State Budget Act, the economic substance of expenditure reporting, and performance-based budgeting. Specific terminology is used, such as "programs" and "targets," and reference is made to concrete legislative amendments (Draft 511), along with consultations held with the Chancellor of Justice and the Auditor General. A thorough explanation is provided as to why presenting certain grants broken down by legal entity is practically impossible due to the nature of the tender processes involved.

The speaker demonstrates authority on security and finance topics, presenting precise data regarding defense expenditures (1.4–1.465 billion euros, 3.3–3.5% of GDP) and referencing various methodologies (NATO, the Statistical Office). He/She is familiar with economic methods for reducing the budget deficit and stresses the danger of covering current expenses with loans. Furthermore, he/she refers to an interview with the Commander of the Defense Forces, emphasizing the necessity of relying on facts.

The speaker demonstrates profound expertise in the field of taxation and financial management, clarifying complex aspects such as the avoidance of double taxation for corporate groups, the quarterly taxation of listed companies, and the necessity of a general anti-abuse provision. Reference is made to long-term experience in the financial sector, explaining lender criteria and fundamental economic principles (e.g., a loan is not income). Detailed information is presented regarding the sittings of the Finance Committee and the processing of proposed amendments.

Demonstrates profound expertise in the State Budget Act (the foundational law) and budget procedure, referencing detailed committee deliberations and the positions held by the Chancellor of Justice and the National Audit Office. Utilizes technical terminology such as "activity-based budgeting," "spending ceilings," and "transferable funds," explaining their impact and connection to the management structure. Is familiar with the Ministry of Finance's technical capacity for the rapid implementation of changes.

The speaker demonstrates profound expertise in public finance and budgeting methodologies (cost-based, activity-based, and performance-based budgeting). He employs technical terminology (e.g., accounting records, metrics, development plans) and grounds his arguments in institutional experience gained within the Finance Committee, as well as constitutional requirements. He stresses the importance of differentiating between strategic management and operational financial management.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in Riigikogu procedures, particularly regarding the submission of motions of no confidence, the deliberation of the state budget, and the work of committees (the Finance Committee). He/She emphasizes the importance of substantive work and criticizes some colleagues for their weak grasp of the Estonian language and their inability to understand figurative expressions.

The speaker demonstrates profound expertise in the field of finance and taxation, clarifying complex details such as budget flexibility, income tax regulations for private individuals and corporations, and revenue forecasting. They utilize technical terminology (e.g., operating expenses, personnel costs, unwarranted reserve) and speak as an authoritative representative of the Finance Committee.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in constitutionality, the quality of legislation, and political philosophy (freedom, responsibility). Specific emphasis is placed on the need to balance various sectors, including national defense, the economy, education, healthcare, and environmental protection. Furthermore, the importance of clear Estonian language is highlighted as crucial for ensuring clear thinking and high-quality legislative work.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in financial regulation and cyber resilience topics, utilizing specific terminology such as "digital operational resilience requirements" and "the functioning of especially critical functions within business processes." They possess thorough knowledge of the procedures for handling draft legislation in the Finance Committee, including the process for submitting amendments and making technical corrections. They are capable of explaining complex legal and technical changes (e.g., the buffer period for entry into force) with meticulous detail.

The speaker demonstrates authoritative knowledge in the regulation and supervision of the financial system, utilizing specific terminology (e.g., DORA regulation, debt collection agencies, basic payment services). He/She refers to concrete legislative initiatives and their timelines, indicating a deep familiarity with the work of the Finance Committee. The expertise covers crypto markets, credit provision, and ensuring financial stability.

The presenter demonstrates expertise in macro-fiscal matters, utilizing specific data points (a 3% and 5% deficit, 2 billion euros in unfunded expenditures). He clearly differentiates between investments and the growth of current spending, and stresses the budget procedure timeline, calling for decisions to be finalized by early August. The analysis centers on budget balancing and the sustainability of debt obligations.

The speaker demonstrates profound expertise in public finance, debt policy, and fiscal rules, referencing discussions from the 1990s regarding the risks associated with borrowing and debt. He employs specific terminology (e.g., spending limits, nominal GDP growth, permanent deficit) and draws upon his previous experience as Finance Minister during the Greek crisis. He stresses that a loan is not tax revenue and must be repaid.

The speaker demonstrates in-depth knowledge of financial regulation, particularly concerning crypto-asset markets (MiCA) and corporate governance structures, utilizing technical terminology (e.g., two-tier management system, remote identification). They present specific data regarding the drastic reduction in the number of Estonian crypto licenses (from 650 down to 48) and substantiate these decisions based on practical necessity and public finance viability. The speaker exhibits authority in their grasp of the details of the legislative process and proposed amendments.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in economic policy, particularly in R&D funding schemes (the 1+2 agreement, the valley of death) and the impact of public finance and credit ratings on corporate borrowing costs. Specific terms are used, such as "market failure," "oligopolist," "monopolism," and "agility," and the success story of the Estonian IT sector is highlighted as a model for innovation. The expert knowledge focuses on identifying systemic barriers and market failures.

The speaker demonstrates strong expertise in legislative procedures, particularly regarding the work and decision-making processes of the Riigikogu committee (consensus decisions, setting deadlines). They also possess knowledge of financial sector regulation, referencing the transposition of European Union law and the operational resilience of the financial sector. In the social sector, they accurately differentiate between caregivers and activity workers, demonstrating awareness of specific labor needs.

The strong expertise is evident both in the procedures and legislation governing the handling of the state budget and in the domain of macroeconomics and fiscal policy. Technical terms such as GDP, nominal growth, indexation, macroeconomic forecast, and co-financing are employed. One speaker demonstrates comprehensive knowledge regarding the operational structure of the Finance Committee and the stipulations of Article 100 of the Constitution.

The speaker demonstrates profound expertise in the fields of financial regulation, crypto market supervision, and business law, clarifying complex details such as the two-tier governance structure and specific corporate law nuances. They provide an overview of the cooperation between the Financial Supervision Authority and the Financial Intelligence Unit, emphasizing that the supervisory capacity is already established within the Financial Supervision Authority. The speaker employs technical terminology when outlining the requirements for management, owners, and internal procedures.