By Plenary Sessions: Helir-Valdor Seeder
Total Sessions: 97
Fully Profiled: 97
2025-10-15
The 15th Riigikogu, VI Session, Plenary Sitting
Not enough data
2025-10-08
The 15th Riigikogu, 6th Session, Plenary Sitting
The economic views are firmly against tax hikes, encompassing opposition to raising both consumption taxes (VAT at 24%, excise duties) and direct taxes (corporate and personal income tax). The speaker specifically opposes implementing a new tax (the car tax), citing a preference for maintaining a low overall tax burden.
2025-10-08
The 15th Riigikogu, 6th Session, Information Hour
Economic views are strongly fiscally conservative: they oppose tax increases that fuel inflation and undermine the competitiveness of businesses. The speaker criticizes increasing the debt burden to cover current expenditures and warns against scaring away investors. He strongly opposes the car tax and the upcoming fuel tax (RES).
2025-10-06
The 15th Riigikogu, 6th Session, Plenary Sitting
He/She is strongly critical of taxation, deeming the proposed car tax foolish and unjust. He/She prefers solutions where transportation costs are borne by the private sector and individuals, thereby avoiding state expenditure on expensive public transport in sparsely populated areas.
2025-09-24
15th Estonian Parliament, 6th sitting, press briefing
The economic views strongly support competitiveness and economic growth, contrasting with unreasonable climate goals that stifle the economy. The speaker demands strict fiscal discipline and sharply criticizes the financial mismanagement and lack of budget transparency within ministries, citing prepayments and systemic errors.
2025-09-17
15th Riigikogu, 6th sitting, plenary sitting.
No data available.
2025-09-17
Fifteenth Riigikogu, sixth sitting, press briefing.
Not enough data
2025-09-10
15th Riigikogu, 6th sitting, plenary session
Economic views stress fiscal responsibility and the efficient management of state institutions (such as the Health Insurance Fund), sharply criticizing the massive deficit (800 million) and unwarranted executive bonuses. The use of ambitious performance scorecards is supported to prevent redundant work.
2025-09-10
15th Riigikogu, 6th sitting, press briefing
There is not enough data.
2025-09-09
15th Riigikogu, 6th sitting, plenary session.
The stance supports entrepreneurial freedom and competition within the financial sector, contrasting with large, "overly bureaucratic" banks that are expensive and inflexible. It backs credit unions as cheaper and faster service providers and opposes regulations that disproportionately restrict business freedom. The preference is to strengthen supervision rather than resorting to liquidation.
2025-09-04
15th Riigikogu, extraordinary session of the Riigikogu
The economic stance is strongly opposed to tax hikes, especially concerning the motor vehicle tax, which they are seeking to have repealed. They criticize the government for massively increasing taxes during a period of rampant inflation and economic crisis. Emphasis is placed on the quality and legitimacy of lawmaking, rather than simply rubber-stamping legislation using a conveyor-belt method.
2025-06-16
XV Riigikogu, V Session, Plenary Sitting
Economic perspectives heavily emphasize cost reduction and efficiency, favoring technological solutions that are cheaper than manual sorting. The use of sorting facilities is considered the more economically viable path.
2025-06-11
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting
The speaker is strongly opposed to tax hikes and is attempting to procedurally secure the opportunity to submit amendments that would either reduce taxes or keep them at the current level. He/She closely monitors the allocation of state funds (gambling tax) for specific projects, demanding clarity in the decision-making process.
2025-06-04
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
The speaker is criticizing the government’s decision to sharply increase the land tax by up to 100%, arguing that this move completely upended the previously established tax increase schedule and will make life more expensive for both businesses and private homeowners. He/She stresses the crucial need for predictability in tax policy and points out that the draft bill currently being presented will have an inflation-reducing effect.
2025-06-02
15th Riigikogu, Fifth Session, Plenary Session
They favor strict fiscal discipline and precise budget planning to prevent cost overruns and the reallocation of funds. This economic perspective emphasizes the efficiency of expenditure management within public authorities, particularly given the volatility of the energy market.
2025-05-21
Fifteenth Riigikogu, Fifth Session, Plenary Session.
The speaker is a strong advocate for reducing the tax burden and opposes new taxes, especially during economically challenging times. He criticizes the government's policy as an "experimental" approach to stimulating the economy through tax hikes. He calls for supporting tax relief for both individuals and businesses.
2025-05-19
15th Riigikogu, Fifth Session, Plenary Session.
Economic perspectives center on guaranteeing the competitiveness and stability of agricultural producers, while simultaneously criticizing the disparity in European Union subsidies. The current scope of the government's tax policy is deemed inadequate for securing a truly sustainable agricultural framework. Furthermore, the economic significance of protecting non-renewable natural resources—specifically fertile land—is crucial.
2025-05-14
15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, plenary session
Economic perspectives center on state budget transparency and the mechanisms for making cuts, requiring the coalition to provide clarification regarding the target sectors for the 20% reductions. He/She critically points out that the purchasing power of teachers' salaries fell last year, despite earlier promises not to implement cuts. Furthermore, he/she is addressing the methodology for compensating those affected by state-imposed restrictions.
2025-05-14
15th Riigikogu, fifth sitting, information briefing.
Economic views focus on fiscal transparency and budgetary discipline. The speaker sharply criticizes the government’s austerity policy, arguing that it is merely rhetorical and vague, as the stated goals of the cuts do not correspond to the actual increase in expenditures. He demands clarity regarding the actual scope of reductions in both labor and operational costs.
2025-05-06
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
No data available
2025-04-23
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
The economic views express criticism toward the implementation of the car tax, which is framed negatively within the context of political favoritism. Broader stances regarding taxes, spending, or regulation are missing.
2025-04-16
15th Estonian Parliament, 5th session, plenary session
Economic perspectives advocate for a regulated market economy where consumers benefit when exchange prices are low. Simultaneously, the necessity of strong state intervention for consumer protection is stressed, achieved by establishing a fixed price cap for the universal service to prevent prices from rising above that threshold.
2025-04-14
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting
Insufficient data.
2025-04-09
15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, information briefing
It supports tax cuts, particularly lowering the VAT on foodstuffs, and opposes the increase in central government expenditure. It calls for the state to be made more efficient and for savings to be implemented, while expressing concern over the diminishing purchasing power of wages and Europe’s record inflation. Criticism is aimed at the government’s lack of fiscal discipline.
2025-04-08
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting
Economic views lean toward lower taxation and personal responsibility, opposing the car tax and the inefficient state maintenance of public transportation. The preference is to leave money in the hands of the people so they can organize their own transport and pay excise duties, which suggests a market-based approach.
2025-03-27
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting
Insufficient data
2025-03-26
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
Not enough data
2025-03-19
15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, press briefing.
Economic perspectives are tied to national defense spending, emphasizing that the size and percentages of these expenditures are not the goal itself, but rather a means to achieve genuine capability. The speaker stresses the necessity of focusing on the internal organization of national defense without getting bogged down in counting large sums, thereby highlighting the critical need for efficiency.
2025-03-12
The 15th Riigikogu, fifth sitting, information briefing.
The economic views are strongly opposed to raising taxes, labeling it a "tax war against their own people." They support strict fiscal discipline, the reduction of government spending, and cutting the number of civil servants (with a 20% target) in the name of state efficiency. Furthermore, they emphasize the need to fulfill the agreement on funding research and development (1% of GDP).
2025-03-11
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
There is not enough data.
2025-02-25
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
Insufficient data
2025-02-17
15th Estonian Parliament, 5th session, plenary session
The economic views expressed are highly critical of taxation, particularly regarding the car tax, which is deemed unfair and punitive toward rural areas. They demand strict financial analysis and efficiency concerning state budgetary expenditures (such as the fallout from the administrative reform) and major energy projects. The income tax reform is also criticized; it provided local municipalities with only 60 million euros, while the state collects a total of 740 million through the car tax and the income tax reform combined.
2025-02-13
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary meeting
Insufficient data.
2025-02-12
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
The speaker is a strong advocate for fiscal discipline, criticizing the government for its failure to align long-term expenditures with revenues. He is fiercely opposed to the car tax, calling it the most unfair tax since the restoration of independence, as it disproportionately affects families with children and rural residents. Also criticized are cost-saving measures implemented at the expense of pensioners and the impact of inflation on the value of money.
2025-02-12
15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, information briefing
The speaker is a strong advocate for fiscal discipline and transparency, criticizing the allocation of billions of euros of taxpayer and consumer money without public accounting. He opposes large subsidies and additional charges (the reserve fee) that increase consumer costs, and demands justification for economic decisions.
2025-01-29
15th Estonian Parliament, 5th sitting, information briefing
The speaker advocates for strong regulation and oversight designed to protect consumers against hidden price increases and the unilateral changing of contract terms. He stresses that business operations must be both lawful and "culturally correct," highlighting the necessity of curbing aggressive marketing practices used by companies.
2025-01-22
15th Estonian Parliament, 5th session, plenary session.
Insufficient data
2025-01-20
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
Economic perspectives are firmly opposed to tax hikes (including the proposed car tax) and budget cuts, particularly those affecting family benefits and economic security. Government policy is viewed as unjust and detrimental to the economic situation, thereby undermining demographic goals (the birth rate objective). There is support for easing the financial burden on families and maintaining state subsidies for housing interest payments.
2024-12-18
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th sitting, press briefing
The speaker opposes increasing bureaucracy in regional policy, arguing that business support reaching rural areas depends on the government's political will, not on the hiring of new officials. They support the role of existing county business centers in economic development.
2024-12-17
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session
Economic perspectives focus primarily on the transparency of the state budget and fiscal prudence. There is a demand that the budget be fundamentally comprehensible and comply with constitutional requirements, referencing the need for strict and clear public sector expenditure.
2024-12-12
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session
Not enough data
2024-12-11
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session
Economic perspectives are strongly opposed to tax hikes, pointing out that taxes are already at a record high, while the budget lacks any clear direction and money is simply vanishing. They stress the necessity of fiscal clarity and defined priorities, criticizing the lack of transparency in government expenditures.
2024-12-11
Fifteenth Riigikogu, Fourth session, press briefing.
Economic views focus on budget discipline and financial transparency. The state budget and the budget strategy are heavily criticized for their failure to guarantee specific financial backing for crucial reforms, such as public transport and teachers' salaries. There is opposition to wasting money and energy on substitute activities.
2024-12-10
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session
Economic perspectives stress the need for tax stability and are strongly opposed to the introduction of new taxes (the security tax) that would increase VAT and income tax. They support the principle that state fees must be cost-based, and they protect the economic interests of cultural heritage preservers against unreasonable annual levies.
2024-12-05
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary session.
Insufficient data
2024-12-04
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary sitting
It strongly opposes raising VAT and income tax, especially if such increases fail to reform the tax system or establish stability. It demands that taxes designated for defense spending be used strictly for their intended purpose (earmarked) to ensure transparency and prevent them from being used to plug budget gaps. The focus is on fiscal responsibility and maintaining public confidence.
2024-12-03
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting
No data available
2024-11-20
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting
Direct economic viewpoints are not presented, but the government's structural reorganizations are criticized as irrational and cost-generating. Concern is expressed regarding the efficiency of state governance and the duplication of competencies, highlighting the need for continuity and accountability.
2024-11-20
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th sitting, press briefing.
Insufficient data
2024-11-18
Fifteenth Riigikogu, Fourth Session, Plenary Session
The economic outlook is strongly opposed to tax hikes, stressing the necessity of legal certainty and stability for entrepreneurs and landowners when drafting their business plans. The government's policy is criticized as "the largest tax increase plan in history," which undermines confidence and the business environment. The speaker clearly supports the interests of business organizations and landowners.
2024-11-13
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session.
The speaker supports fiscal discipline, demanding a reduction in central government expenditure by 200 million euros so that the saved funds can be directed to the state reserve. He is strongly opposed to tax increases, especially the increase in land tax, which, in his view, violates legal certainty and harms entrepreneurs and homeowners. He criticizes the government's policy, which has led to an economic crisis lasting three years, and considers the activity-based budget to be substandard.
2024-11-13
15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, information briefing
The economic perspectives are tied to regional development and the business environment, specifically criticizing the assertion that counties operate on too small a scale. The primary concern is the officials' desire to make decisions centrally and manage financial resources via fabricated regions, indicating resistance to centralized financial management.
2024-10-23
15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, plenary session
Economic positions center on the transparency of the budget process and parliamentary control, contrasting with the alleged view that the Riigikogu’s role in handling the budget should be minimal. There is also interest in the mechanisms local governments use for distributing funds (participatory budgets).
2024-10-23
15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, information briefing
No data available
2024-10-16
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting
Economic views emphasize fiscal transparency and the honest representation of economic growth, referring to "negative economic growth." The speaker supports targeted taxation (a security tax) and sharply criticizes the budget methodology that conceals actual expenditures or cuts, for example, regarding public transport subsidies.
2024-10-16
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th sitting, press briefing
Economic viewpoints indirectly touch upon the labor market, specifically by opposing the stance against implementing language requirements for platform workers. Concern is also voiced regarding the impact of uncontrolled migration, highlighting that immigration significantly outpaces the birth rate, thus pointing to a potential strain on state resources.
2024-10-15
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary session
Not enough data
2024-10-14
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary sitting
The economic views are sharply focused on criticizing tax hikes, excise duties, and various fees, highlighting their negative cumulative impact on large families. There is strong support for economic stability, coupled with criticism of the government's fiscal policy, which is driving up the cost of living and service charges.
2024-10-10
Fifteenth Riigikogu, Fourth sitting, plenary session.
There is too little data.
2024-09-25
15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, plenary session
Economic views are strongly fiscally conservative, emphasizing the necessity of avoiding an increase in the budget deficit during an economic crisis. It opposes new taxes and tax hikes that contribute to instability. It favors an income tax system that provides incentives for low-income earners, while criticizing the Reform Party’s reform, which benefits the wealthy and is the most expensive promise of the election cycle.
2024-09-25
15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, press briefing
Insufficient data.
2024-09-18
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th sitting, plenary session
There is not enough data.
2024-09-16
The 15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting.
Economic perspectives are strongly opposed to the current tax policy, which is viewed as detrimental to Estonia's economic competitiveness and undermining national security. There is criticism regarding the ambiguity surrounding profit and property taxes, as well as the minister's assertion that business owners support both options. Furthermore, the Social Democrats are criticized for inciting class hatred in connection with the national defense tax.
2024-09-11
Fifteenth Riigikogu, fourth session, plenary session
There are no economic positions, except for an indirect reference to the limited funding of defense spending ("money is scarce") and the government's plan to introduce a national defense tax.
2024-09-09
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session
There is not enough data.
2024-07-29
15th Riigikogu, Riigikogu extraordinary session.
Insufficient data.
2024-07-29
The 15th Riigikogu, extraordinary session of the Riigikogu.
Not enough data
2024-07-29
15th Riigikogu, extraordinary session of the Riigikogu
The speaker objects to the imposition of new taxes (Car tax, VAT, excise duties, corporate income tax) that feed into the state budget, arguing that they disproportionately affect the poorer population and rural regions. While supporting regional equalization, he insists that it must be financed by state revenue cuts, rather than by redistributing funds among local municipalities. He suggests the state should promote private car ownership in rural areas, viewing it as a more cost-effective solution for the government than organizing expensive public transportation.
2024-07-22
15th Riigikogu, Riigikogu's extraordinary session.
Economic perspectives are strongly opposed to tax increases, criticizing the government’s chosen path for stabilizing public finances, which has been dubbed the "tax hike rally." They emphasize the necessity of finding alternatives to increasing the tax burden, pointing to the different choices made by neighboring countries despite facing the same external factors.
2024-07-15
15th Riigikogu, Extraordinary session of the Riigikogu
Insufficient data.
2024-06-14
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, additional plenary session
Insufficient data.
2024-06-12
15th Estonian Parliament, 3rd session, plenary session.
Economic perspectives are strongly focused on opposing the tax burden imposed on landowners, homeowners, entrepreneurs, and farmers. The necessity of legal certainty and long-term planning is stressed, noting that changes impact business plans, loan obligations, and collateral. Increasing the revenue base for local governments is viewed as a secondary concern compared to the taxation of landowners.
2024-06-05
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary sitting
The speaker objects to the imposition of new taxes and the massive increase in state levies, particularly amid an economic crisis and high inflation. He criticizes the government for its panicked focus on meeting budget targets and argues that the proposed car tax is retroactive, thereby violating the principle of legal certainty. He favors solutions where individuals bear their own transport costs, rather than the state taxing them.
2024-06-05
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
The speaker advocates for streamlining the state and making it more cost-effective, signaling support for fiscal discipline and reasonable budget cuts. At the same time, they are vehemently opposed to introducing taxes that penalize car owners, and to cuts that reduce net income (such as pension reductions). They stress the negative impact that eliminating the income tax exemption would have on the purchasing power of retirees.
2024-06-04
15th Riigikogu, third session, plenary sitting
The speaker is strongly opposed to tax hikes and spending cuts, especially given the current economic crisis and high inflation. They point out that Estonia has never before seen such a rapid increase in taxes, fees, and excises over such a short period. The speaker criticizes the government for its lack of social justice, stressing the necessity of protecting pensioners and families from these new taxes.
2024-05-29
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
Economic views are strongly opposed to tax increases, especially those impacting landowners and rural businesses, including farmers. The necessity of legal certainty and stable tax policy is emphasized, with criticism directed at the breaching of the previous 10% annual increase limit.
2024-05-28
15th Riigikogu, third session, plenary session
Supports strict fiscal discipline and opposes measures that reduce state budget revenues during an economic crisis (such as the abolition of the tax hump). It supports reducing the tax burden for low-wage earners, while simultaneously criticizing the current reform for granting benefits to higher-income individuals. It proposes a specific billion-euro solution, which involves abandoning the abolition of the tax hump and ceasing the borrowing used to cover the second pillar.
2024-05-15
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
The politician is vehemently opposed to the growth of bureaucracy, criticizing the draft legislation for increasing expenditures and placing an undue burden on businesses and local municipalities. He supports the overall objective of cutting red tape, noting that the new law runs counter to the desired direction.
2024-05-13
15th Estonian Parliament, 3rd session, plenary session
There isn't enough data. The adoption of the tax package was mentioned only as an example of the government's political will to disregard good legislative practice, not as an economic policy standpoint.
2024-05-08
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session.
Data is unavailable. The discussions focus on procedural, security, and social/moral legislative bills. Tax law packages are mentioned merely as an example of the coalition's fast-track procedure, rather than to express an economic policy position.
2024-05-08
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
Expresses strong opposition to the government's economic policy, calling it a "tax war" and linking it directly to economic insecurity. It supports overall confidence in the economy.
2024-05-07
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
The speaker is critical of the upcoming income tax change, arguing that it will raise the tax burden for all citizens, including teachers. They refute claims about the existence of a tax kink and emphasize the need for fiscal accuracy, calling into question the government's declared financial gain.
2024-05-02
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
His economic stance is firmly against tax hikes, viewing them as cumulative burdens that damage the Estonian economy and deepen instability. He criticizes the additional administrative costs and bureaucracy associated with introducing new taxes. The politician defends the interests of entrepreneurs, emphasizing the problem of unequal treatment for producers resulting from the limited scope of taxation options.
2024-04-17
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary sitting
Insufficient data
2024-04-08
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary sitting
Supports strong state intervention and investment in family policy, even if financed by loans, viewing this as the only way to secure future taxpayers. It opposes the government's tax policy (the abolition of income tax exemptions, the car tax), which diminishes the economic security of families. Investing in children is considered a sustainable activity, not living at the expense of the future.
2024-04-03
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
His/Her economic views are strongly opposed to tax hikes, criticizing the government's aggressive push to implement several tax packages (including car, sugar, and excise taxes) in a short timeframe. He/She accuses the government of prioritizing the implementation of taxes over security concerns.
2024-04-02
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary sitting
Economic views are critical of the coalition's tax policy, especially concerning the high cost of raising indirect taxes and abolishing the tax hump, which runs contrary to the ideology of the Social Democrats. The speaker defends their party (Isamaa) against accusations that the proposed benefits are unfunded and demands that the government detail alternative choices and cost-saving measures (e.g., criticizing the size of the Foreign Minister’s entourage).
2024-03-19
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
The economic perspectives are tied to the handling of the state budget and ensuring its financing, highlighting the urgent need to secure funds necessary for implementing the education agreements. The speaker is concerned about the lack of fiscal discipline—or perhaps the coalition's inability to locate the necessary resources—which puts the signing of these agreements at risk.
2024-03-11
15th Estonian Parliament, 3rd session, plenary session
Economic perspectives emphasize government efficiency and fiscal responsibility, evaluating legislative changes based on the prudence of how public funds are utilized. The speaker is concerned that the proposed change is not sensible from the standpoint of government efficiency.
2024-03-06
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, press briefing
Economic stances are fiercely opposed to tax hikes, criticizing the government for constantly inventing new taxes and raising existing ones. The energy policy is also criticized for pursuing "incomprehensible economic interests" instead of serving those of the taxpayer.
2024-03-05
15th Estonian Parliament, 3rd sitting, plenary session
There is too little data.
2024-02-21
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
Not enough data
2024-02-14
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
The economic perspective is strongly opposed to tax increases, especially in the context of an economic crisis and high inflation. New taxes are deemed an inadequate way to remedy the economy, and the government is accused of waging a tax war against its own people. The preference is for reducing the tax burden and eliminating existing expenditures (such as abolishing the tax hump) rather than implementing new taxes.
2024-02-14
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
Economic perspectives express caution regarding the use of immigration as a solution to the labor problem, stressing that high-earning and skilled workers already face few restrictions. Concern is voiced over the social expenditures and unsustainability associated with large-scale immigration, especially during crises.
2024-02-07
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
Economic views are strongly opposed to tax hikes, arguing that they diminish business competitiveness and harm people's livelihoods. He considers the government's tax increases, intended to "cure the economy," to be ineffective. He prefers to avoid implementing new taxes, recommending instead that they scrap the elimination of the non-existent "tax hump," which would yield greater financial savings.
2024-02-05
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary sitting
Economic views are strongly opposed to the immigration of cheap labor, considering it a wrong and unpromising approach for establishing economic competitiveness. It supports science-based development and the construction of a welfare state, emphasizing the necessity of maintaining quota policies to restrict low-wage employment.
2024-01-24
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
Economic perspectives center on fiscal transparency and criticism directed at unfunded financial obligations, specifically mentioning initiatives like paid public transport and welfare reform. Clarity is demanded on whether the government plans to implement "brutal cuts" or introduce new taxes. Furthermore, the necessity of securing adequate funding for education and welfare reforms is being emphasized.