By Plenary Sessions: Marek Reinaas

The speaker demonstrates strong expertise regarding the structural problems of macroeconomics and business. Specific statistical data (e.g., 77% of the EU average productivity, 50% of profit coming from real estate/banking) is used to diagnose the economy. Technology, innovation, and venture capital are highlighted as prerequisites for a developmental leap.

The presenter demonstrates a high level of expertise regarding European Union competition law and the Foreign Subsidies Regulation, utilizing precise technical terms such as "thresholds," "concentrations," and "directly applicable." A clear explanation is provided regarding the draft bill's objective to designate the Competition Authority as the national contact point for obtaining information. It is emphasized that due to such high thresholds, Estonia has seen extremely few or no proceedings at all.

The speaker exhibits detailed knowledge of the Riigikogu's procedural rules, particularly concerning the extension of sitting times and the structure of committee agendas. This expertise is distinctly procedural and focused on internal parliamentary organization, enabling them to analyze the justification behind the opponent's alleged rushing (the final item on the committee agenda).

The speaker demonstrates a high level of competence regarding competition law, the transposition of European Union directives, and the handling of administrative penalties. He/She employs specific terminology such as "market distortion" and "administrative offense proceedings," and highlights their role as the lead rapporteur for the draft legislation within the committee. The expertise centers on legal precision and economic functionality.

The expert knowledge is clearly evident in the area of amendments to the Consumer Protection Act and the procedural rules of the Riigikogu. Technical language is employed regarding the readings of draft legislation, the substantive analysis of proposed amendments, and the deadlines for the law's entry into force, with references also made to the specific sections of the Riigikogu Rules of Procedure and Internal Rules Act.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in legislative procedure and committee work (the Committee on Economic Affairs), providing detailed information regarding working groups, sessions, and the voting results of proposed amendments. This specialized knowledge also encompasses legal nuances, such as the relationship between the Penal Code and specific statutes, and the necessity of enhancing the efficiency of the Competition Authority's operations.

Demonstrates deep expertise in macroeconomics, export structure (services vs. goods), and capital markets. Uses precise percentage indicators (e.g., 44% and 110% tariff equivalents for EU internal market barriers, 1.8% R&D expenditures) and refers to specific national financing instruments such as SmartCap and the Baltic Innovation Funds. Possesses knowledge of energy options, noting the optimal production volume for renewable energy (60–80%).

The expertise is evident in the precise knowledge of the party's internal affairs and the facts concerning the composition of the board. The speaker uses specific data regarding the gender distribution of the Eesti 200 board, emphasizing that there are more female members than male members.

The speaker demonstrates a deep understanding of the bill’s legislative process and its substantive details, including the growth of digital clutter, software development costs, and the transitional provisions for ongoing contracts. This expertise relates to the digitalization of the economic and commercial environment, as well as consumer protection aspects.

The speaker demonstrates strong expertise in the fields of energy and the electricity market, focusing specifically on pricing, regulations, and auction procedures. Technical terminology (megawatt-hour, terawatt) is utilized, and arguments are supported by relying on specific figures and historical data (e.g., August 2022 prices). Furthermore, he/she holds an authoritative position regarding legislative procedures as the Chairman of the Economic Committee.

The speaker demonstrates a thorough understanding of the procedural rules of competition law, particularly in the context of administrative and minor offense proceedings, drawing on clarifications provided by ministry officials. They use technical terms such as the "privilege against self-incrimination" and accurately describe the obligation of undertakings to present factual circumstances to the Competition Authority. The expertise is aimed at emphasizing procedural solutions and the resource-saving benefits they offer.

The speaker demonstrates a thorough understanding of the economic committee’s work processes and taxi market regulation, referencing specific dates and ministry representatives. Statistical data is utilized (for instance, 80% of taxis use platforms), and specific laws (the Language Act, the Public Transport Act) are cited, alongside the specifics of supervisory roles. Furthermore, interest is shown in the synergy between legal and digital matters within the context of a personalized state.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in youth sports policy and social inequality, utilizing the specific term "mobility and sports gap." Their competence is further evident in the analysis of the Ministry of Education's role and capacity regarding the equalization of access. The need for concrete measures is emphasized.

The speaker demonstrates awareness of the broader mandates of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, distinguishing between security policy and business diplomacy. The specific term "business diplomacy" is used, and the importance of this task is emphasized in the context of the economic situation.

The speaker demonstrates expertise regarding fiscal policy and the structural problems of the budget, focusing on the long-term funding shortfall of the social and healthcare system. Technical terms such as "zero-based budgeting" and the "personal state" are utilized, and reference is made to a specific missing sum (approximately 500 million) required to sustain the social system. The expertise emphasizes the implementation of needs-based benefits and services.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in parliamentary internal procedures and history, referencing the previous reduction of expense allowances in 2009. Particular emphasis is placed on the understanding of the significance of the Council of Elders format and its ability to achieve complex agreements. He/She is familiar with the duration and details of the bill's preparation, mentioning a two-month negotiation period.

The speaker demonstrates expertise on financial and budgetary issues, emphasizing the importance of mathematics when analyzing the state budget. He uses quantitative reasoning to justify the necessity of the security tax, contrasting this approach with the mere juggling of numbers by other politicians.

The expert assessment is clearly tied to the parliamentary proceedings and the work of the Finance Committee, particularly the precise reading and referencing of the minutes. Technical knowledge is demonstrated concerning VAT rates, noting that it is currently not possible to implement a 5% rate in Estonia (the reduced rates are 9% and 13%). Furthermore, the link between the VAT on animal feed and farmers’ production costs is understood.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in state finance and budget planning, utilizing specific terminology such as activity-based and cost-based budgeting, metrics, and zero-based budgeting. They emphasize their role as a member of the Finance Committee and possess detailed knowledge of the ministries' budget planning processes. They distinguish between the validity of the mathematics (the format) and the quality of its implementation (the metrics).

The speaker demonstrates expertise in public finance and budgetary processes (zero-based budgeting), using specific statistical data regarding the ratio of tax revenues (33%) to expenditures (43%). He/She is also well-versed in the significant shift in Estonia's defense doctrine, which necessitates an investment of 1.6 billion euros into different weaponry. Furthermore, the speaker emphasizes the importance of identifying areas for cuts within ministries (amounting to over 120 million euros).

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the procedural rules of the Riigikogu (Estonian Parliament), particularly concerning the work of the Finance Committee and the readings of draft legislation. Technical terminology is employed within the context of international taxation and double taxation avoidance agreements. The expertise is focused on conveying procedural details and linguistic precision.

The expert assessment is evident in the organization of work and procedural decisions of the Riigikogu committee, particularly within the context of the Finance Committee. A substantive analysis of the specific topic (double taxation) is not presented; instead, reference is made to the existence of a comprehensive report by the Minister of Finance.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the legislative process and tax policy, particularly regarding the nuances of VAT and their international comparison. He presents detailed information on the changes in the VAT rate for Latvian fruits and vegetables (5%, 21%, 12%), thereby correcting the lack of knowledge prevalent within the commission. He also references economic theoretical viewpoints, such as the impact of supply and demand on pricing.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in macro-economic policy and strategic planning, referencing a specific government economic plan and its ambitious goals (doubling the economy by 2035). Specific terminology is employed, such as "competitiveness," "action plans," and "economic commission," which points to a deep engagement with economic processes.

The speaker demonstrates expertise regarding the procedural rules of the Riigikogu and the operational structure of the Finance Committee. Technical terms are employed, such as "amendment submission deadline," "second reading," and "final vote." This expertise centers on legislative procedures and the introduction of technical corrections.

The speaker demonstrates expertise in the field of international tax treaties and trade statistics, explaining the exceptional nature of the withholding tax rate (12.5%) and the background of the negotiations. Specific data is presented concerning Estonia's exports (refined petroleum products, scrap metal) and imports (leather products) with Pakistan.