By Plenary Sessions: Aleksei Jevgrafov
Total Sessions: 81
Fully Profiled: 81
2025-10-08
The 15th Riigikogu, 6th Session, Plenary Sitting
The confrontation is directed against the government's financial management, particularly regarding the budget of the Health Insurance Fund (Tervisekassa), demanding explanations from the Minister of Finance. The criticism is rooted in policy and transparency concerns, specifically questioning what measures or sacrifices allowed the financial situation to improve.
2025-10-07
The 15th Riigikogu, 6th Session, Plenary Sitting
The main confrontation is directed against the minister and the government, whose policy regarding the Health Insurance Fund's finances is under fire. The criticism is policy-based and focuses on the divergence between the minister's claims and official forecasts, accusing the government of making unrealistic promises.
2025-09-17
Fifteenth Riigikogu, sixth sitting, press briefing.
The primary criticism is aimed at the responsible sector minister and the Chairman of the Health Insurance Fund's Supervisory Board. The criticism is intense, focusing on the political inability to resolve the deepening financial crisis and ensure the accessibility of services. The attacks are policy- and performance-based, demanding concrete measures instead of merely patching up systemic holes.
2025-09-10
15th Riigikogu, 6th sitting, plenary session
The criticism is aimed at the ministries' activities, especially concerning the absence of impact analyses and the lack of clarity regarding healthcare funding. The speaker also challenges the justifications given by the members of the Legal Committee (Haugas, Randpere, Rästa, Timpson, Toomast) for rejecting the draft bill, demanding an explanation for their opposition.
2025-09-04
15th Riigikogu, extraordinary session of the Riigikogu
The primary opponent is the government and the prime minister, who are being criticized for using the lack of funds as an excuse and for their unfair tax policy. The criticism is intense and encompasses both political decisions (cuts, problems with rail transport) and procedural violations (the commission chairman’s refusal to participate in the vote).
2025-06-18
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
No data available
2025-06-18
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, information briefing
The confrontation is aimed at the minister and the government's inaction, questioning whether the promised research has been completed in the interim. The criticism is based on policy and procedure, pressuring the government to move forward with the investigation of technological solutions, and is not personal.
2025-06-12
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting
The criticism is aimed at assessing the minister's actions and accountability, particularly concerning the rectification of shortcomings. However, this does not constitute hardline opposition, as the speaker partially distances themselves from the general accusations leveled against the minister.
2025-06-11
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting
The confrontation is directed at the minister, who is being required to provide accountability regarding the timing of the initiation of the legislative amendment. The criticism is procedural and focuses on the timing of the ministry's activities, not personal.
2025-06-11
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, information briefing.
The opposition is directed at the Ministry of Climate and the government, who are being criticized for delaying promises for 19 years, which has created the feeling that the region's problems are not a priority. The criticism is policy- and results-based, citing a direct threat to the lives of the residents.
2025-05-21
Fifteenth Riigikogu, Fifth Session, Plenary Session.
The primary opposition is aimed at the government and the minister, who face criticism for their insufficient grasp of reality, their neglect of the employment situation in Ida-Virumaa, and their ineffective investment priorities. The criticism is policy-driven, specifically questioning the government's capacity to guarantee both lower electricity prices and energy security.
2025-05-15
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
The confrontation is directed against the minister (a representative of the government), whose claims regarding the improvement of the situation are being refuted by concrete data. The criticism is policy- and performance-based, focusing on the ministry's inability to ensure the availability of qualified teachers.
2025-05-14
15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, plenary session
The main opponents are the governing coalition and the social democrats, who are sharply criticized for their unfair policies and irresponsible conduct. The criticism is directed at political choices that burden consumers and ignore local solutions (CCS technology). The intensity of the opposition is high, accusing the government of choosing the easiest, yet most unjust, path.
2025-05-14
15th Riigikogu, fifth sitting, information briefing.
The criticism is directed at the Ministry of Social Affairs and the minister for their inaction concerning the consolidation of outdated IT systems and the management of the Health Insurance Fund's deficit. This opposition is grounded in policy and performance, stressing that the current fragmentation and lack of funding jeopardize the quality of care provided by medical institutions and threaten the payroll for healthcare professionals. Furthermore, the burdensome effect of new requirements (E-ITS) on already understaffed IT teams is specifically emphasized.
2025-05-13
15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, plenary session
The main opponents are coalition politicians and the Social Democratic Party (SDE), who are blamed for the decline of the oil shale sector. The criticism is intense and is aimed at political inaction (specifically, the failure to implement CCS), directly linking SDE policy to the worsening problems faced by Narva residents. Opposition was also voiced against the actions of Narva Mayor Katri Raik, which were deemed contradictory to her party position.
2025-05-07
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting
The criticism targets the government's policy, which seeks to achieve 100% reliance on renewable energy at any cost, while completely ignoring the associated expenses and reliable alternatives. A clear contrast is drawn with politicians who fail to address the high cost of green energy and neglect to mention that major global powers (China, India, Russia, USA) have not joined the climate agreement. This criticism is policy-driven and intense, issuing a warning against irresponsible destruction.
2025-04-23
15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, press briefing
Criticism is aimed at the Minister of the Interior for his inaction in initiating pay raises for police officers and resolving the personnel issues facing the Eastern Prefecture. It is stressed that the current regional supplement (€200) has failed to eliminate the staff shortage, thereby highlighting the ineffectiveness of the government’s policy.
2025-04-21
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
Criticism is directed at the procedural feasibility of the Center Party's draft bill, casting doubt on the ability of Riigikogu members to conduct a complex technical investigation. The opposition is focused on the method, not the importance of the issue itself.
2025-04-17
15th Estonian Parliament, 5th session, plenary session
The primary criticism is directed at Finance Minister Jürgen Ligi, whose claim about the impact of VAT on foodstuffs is widely regarded as unusual and incorrect. The backlash is intense and centers on political competence and economic theory, rather than constituting a personal attack.
2025-03-26
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
The main opponents are the Parliament majority and the government, who are intensely criticized both for their policies (the dismantling of integration) and their procedures (the abuse of the majority vote). The criticism is personal, accusing them of forgetting the people, being ignorant of life in rural areas, and searching for enemies among their own populace. No willingness to compromise is expressed; instead, they are called upon to change their course of action.
2025-03-20
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
The primary opposition is aimed at the Isamaa party and Urmas Reinsalu, whose bill to close the border is being labeled as pointless and populist—a measure that achieves absolutely nothing. There is also significant criticism directed at former Minister of the Interior Lauri Läänemets for blaming Narva residents for necessitating customs control, while completely ignoring arguments concerning migration pressure and hybrid threats. The opposition is intense and politically motivated, with opponents being accused of escalating the tension.
2025-02-27
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting
The main opponents are the government as a whole, derogatorily dubbed the "Reform Yoke Government," and the Minister of the Climate Ministry. The criticism targets both the political decision-making process (specifically, the lack of analysis when allocating 2.6 billion euros) and political accountability, accusing the minister of attempting to save Prime Minister Kristen Michal from a justified motion of no confidence.
2025-02-26
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, press briefing
The main criticism is directed at the Ministry of Education and Research and the minister, who are accused of conducting disproportionate and punitive inspections. The criticism is procedural (concerning why the state school was excluded) and political, referencing the linking of the inspection to the term of office of the Mayor of Narva. The speaker opposes the ministry’s rhetoric, which accuses teachers of inadequate work.
2025-02-25
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
The confrontation is aimed at those who seek to restrict the voting rights of Russian and Belarusian citizens in local elections, accusing them of violating constitutional principles of equality. Criticism is also leveled at the government, which fails to offer assistance to those wishing to renounce their Russian citizenship. The speaker warns that the restrictions will deepen polarization and alienation from the Estonian state.
2025-02-19
15th Estonian Parliament, 5th session, plenary sitting
The main opponent is the minister and the ruling coalition, who are being criticized for ramming the law through and ignoring the required impact assessment. The criticism is intense and includes accusations of irrationality, particularly concerning the claim that nuns somehow pose a threat to the Estonian state.
2025-02-18
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting
The primary adversaries are commercial banks, which are criticized for generating unethical profits and failing to demonstrate social responsibility (specifically, the closure of the Narva branch). The government is also facing criticism for protecting these bank profits. The critique is intense and centers on deficiencies in both policy and performance.
2025-02-12
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
Intense opposition is aimed squarely at the Prime Minister and the Reform Party, criticizing them both for their unfavorable energy policy and for evading responsibility in the Nordica saga. The criticism is political as well as procedural, accusing the government of squandering taxpayer money and prioritizing questionable schemes. The opposition is demanding an investigation into the government's activities and greater transparency.
2025-02-11
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary sitting
Insufficient data
2025-01-22
15th Estonian Parliament, 5th session, plenary session.
The objection is directed at the narrative presented by the rapporteur concerning the Georgian elections, challenging the factual basis of the claims and the interpretation of the sources (the OSCE report). The criticism is both substantive and procedural, focusing on the accuracy of the information presented.
2025-01-15
15th Riigikogu, 5th session, plenary session
There is no direct criticism of opponents, but the speaker indirectly acknowledges the existence of potential opposition by asking whether hospital managers oppose the project. The opposition is addressed at the level of policy and expert opinion.
2024-12-12
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session
The primary opposition is aimed squarely at the government, criticizing its methods and conduct, particularly regarding the secrecy surrounding representation costs. The criticism is procedural, focusing on the lack of transparency, which is cited as a characteristic phenomenon of the government's overall operations.
2024-12-11
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session
The speaker is clearly in opposition to the government's fiscal policy, sharply criticizing the decision to launch a "tax hike spree" and its impact on the state budget. The criticism is strictly policy-based, focusing on economic damage, the creation of uncertainty, and the resulting avoidance of investment. The opponent has been issued a direct challenge to justify the chosen policy.
2024-11-07
15th Parliament, 4th sitting, plenary session
The confrontation is indirect, yet clear, as there is a specific demand to know the names of those who voted against the Centre Party’s motion. This points to a focus on identifying political opponents and holding them accountable regarding a specific economic measure.
2024-10-23
15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, plenary session
The main confrontation is directed against the minister and the government, sharply criticizing the healthcare budget cuts and the minister’s personal role on the Health Insurance Fund council. The criticism is both political and procedural, accusing the minister of ignorance and shirking responsibility. An ironic solution is also proposed to the opposing side (the ministry’s own salary cuts and layoffs).
2024-10-21
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting
There is insufficient data.
2024-10-16
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting
The confrontation is directed at the minister and the security tax bill currently being processed by the government. The criticism is strictly policy-based, accusing the draft legislation of failing to meet its intended objective and of being inadequate in guaranteeing security.
2024-10-14
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary sitting
The speaker is clearly positioned in the opposition, leveling criticism against the government’s draft bills concerning healthcare funding and qualification requirements for the civil service. The criticism is substantive, focusing on the social risks and the diminishing value of education, and directly challenging the ministers on the necessity of the proposed changes.
2024-10-07
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, plenary session
The opposition is aimed at the current regulation, which prevents the construction of communication masts on the road right-of-way, noting that the state rejected this proposal about a decade ago. The criticism is policy- and procedure-based, not personal.
2024-09-25
15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, plenary session
The main confrontation is aimed at the minister, the accuracy of whose presented data is being called into question. The criticism targets the effectiveness of the government's actions and the data discrepancy (3,000 versus 626 jobs), rather than being personal. The intensity of the criticism is moderate, focusing on verifying the facts.
2024-09-19
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary sitting
Criticism is directed at the policy of the government/coalition, especially concerning the funding of family benefits and school lunches, which is deemed insufficient. Hope is expressed that the coalition will support the Center Party's draft bill, which indicates political opposition, but the attacks are policy-based, not personal.
2024-09-18
15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, press briefing
Criticism is directed at the government's inaction in the field of social policy, as the subsistence minimum has not been reviewed despite economic changes. The opposition is substantive, focusing on the stagnation of social benefits.
2024-09-11
Fifteenth Riigikogu, fourth session, plenary session
The speaker is clearly in opposition, criticizing the minister both for the shift in their personal political background and the substance of the draft legislation. The criticism focuses on the initiative failing to adequately ensure the welfare of ordinary citizens, and the bill's authorship is being questioned (specifically, whether it constitutes the "legacy of the former minister").
2024-09-11
15th Estonian Parliament, 4th session, press briefing.
The primary opposition is the Minister of the Interior, whose decisions (like closing the border at 11:00 PM) are facing strong and direct criticism. The criticism is policy-based, accusing the minister of offering inadequate solutions and ignoring the suffering of the people, while focusing too heavily on security considerations. The confrontation is intense, but it focuses on political choices rather than personal attacks.
2024-09-10
15th Riigikogu, 4th sitting, plenary sitting
Not enough data.
2024-09-09
15th Riigikogu, 4th session, plenary session
The primary targets of criticism are the Ministry of Education and the Minister of Education, who are directly accused of dereliction of duty and avoiding responsibility. The criticism is aimed at the government's inaction and its political responsibility in ensuring the quality of education. The Prime Minister is being called upon to evaluate the situation.
2024-07-29
15th Riigikogu, extraordinary session of the Riigikogu
The main opponent is the government coalition, particularly the Reform Party, which stands accused of breaking election promises and deliberately worsening the lives of the populace. The criticism is intense, focusing both on failed economic policy and procedural issues related to the handling of bills, which have been labeled as obstruction. Rather than seeking compromise, the coalition is being called upon to change its policies.
2024-06-12
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, information briefing
It does not directly criticize policy, but instead demands fresh and specific information from the government regarding critical issues, suggesting a call for oversight and accountability. Specific opponents are not named.
2024-06-11
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session.
The confrontation is aimed at the initiators of the statement, criticizing their diplomatic strategy and their justification for creating tensions with Georgia. The criticism is policy- and procedure-based, raising questions about the lack of international coordination. The intensity of the attack is moderate, expressed in the form of questions and calling the underlying premises into doubt.
2024-06-10
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session
The main opposition is aimed squarely at the government and the Minister of Health, criticizing both procedural conduct (specifically, the demand to stop attacking the Centre Party) and the political conflict surrounding healthcare funding. The criticism is rooted in both policy and procedure, casting doubt on the government's capacity to deliver on its promises.
2024-06-05
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary sitting
The primary adversary is the Reform Party-led government coalition, whose economic policy is characterized as intentionally making life harder for the Estonian people. The criticism is intense and accusatory, focusing on the failed implementation of the government's tax increases and the blatant disregard for the opposition's proposals. The government's representative, Finance Minister Mart Võrklaev, is singled out as being particularly cynical and completely out of touch with reality.
2024-06-05
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
The criticism is aimed at the Minister of Health and the Health Insurance Fund, accusing them of insufficient budgeting and failing to take into account the lingering effects of the coronavirus crisis. The criticism is policy- and procedure-based, focusing on failed planning that results in reduced access to services.
2024-05-29
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
The confrontation is aimed at the governing coalition and the Prime Minister (Kaja Kallas), criticizing their budget policy and the introduction of new taxes. The criticism is intense, accusing the coalition of robbing ordinary people through taxation and labeling potential cuts a crime. Criticism is also directed at procedural matters, particularly the rushed decision concerning the nuclear power plant.
2024-05-15
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, press briefing
The confrontation is aimed at the ruling coalition, specifically targeting the contradictory stances of the Reform Party and the Social Democrats regarding layoffs and wage hikes. The criticism is policy-driven, accusing the government of failing to find adequate solutions for the salary issues facing essential workers. The objective is to expose the internal tensions and instability within the government.
2024-05-14
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session
The criticism targets a specific provision of the draft bill, not individuals, and expresses concern regarding the political outcome (competition in offering cheaper food). There is no sign of direct confrontation or the preclusion of compromise.
2024-05-08
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session.
The main criticism is directed at the banking sector due to its significant profits at a time when many societal groups are facing economic hardship. The criticism is policy-driven and intense, immediately proposing a countermeasure in the form of a temporary solidarity tax. The waitress is called upon to support this measure, referencing her previous position as the Director General of the Tax Board.
2024-05-06
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session.
The main criticism is directed at the Ministry of Education and Research and the minister, who is accused of shifting responsibility for failures onto other parties. The criticism is intense and focuses on the minister's personal accountability and political performance, naming the circle of culprits (local governments, previous ministers, the Centre Party, school principals, teachers).
2024-05-02
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
The opposition is directed against the government’s proposed sugary drink tax. The criticism leveled against the initiators of the statement is procedural, centering on the fact that they failed to find the time or opportunity to meet with representatives of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, which suggests inadequate preparatory work.
2024-04-30
Fifteenth Riigikogu, Third Session, Plenary Session.
The confrontation is aimed at earlier political decisions that established high fine rates, as well as the procedural situation where the current minister must defend a draft bill prepared by their predecessor. The criticism is indirect and policy-based, emphasizing the consequences of the government's actions for the citizens.
2024-04-29
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
The confrontation is aimed directly at the Prime Minister, criticizing his personal conduct (the use of his official car) in light of the goals of the green transition. The criticism is behavioral rather than political.
2024-04-10
15th Estonian Parliament, third sitting, information briefing
The primary opposition is directed against the policy of the Prime Minister and the governing coalition regarding the revocation of voting rights. The criticism is both political and fact-based, calling into question the foundation of the Prime Minister's previous arguments and labeling the proposed move as short-sighted.
2024-04-09
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session
The primary opponents are the coalition led by the Reform Party (Reform Party, Eesti 200, Social Democrats), which is facing sharp criticism over tax hikes and failed crisis management. The criticism is policy- and performance-based, accusing the government of breaking promises made before the elections and dipping into people’s pockets. The opposition is intense, leveling accusations that the government is serving the interests of the wealthier segment of society.
2024-04-08
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary sitting
Criticism is directed at the state’s administrative capacity, which has left teachers without a salary supplement. The opposition is both procedural and policy-based, focusing on the state’s inability to meet its financial obligations in a timely manner.
2024-04-03
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
The main criticism is directed at the Reform Party for initiating the draft bill and at the political uncertainty represented by Jüri Ratas's change of stance and the Social Democrats' potential shift in position. The criticism is sharp, focusing on the legal inadequacy of the bill and the fundamental change in political viewpoints.
2024-04-01
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
The main criticism is directed at the state and the Ministry of Education and Research, citing administrative delays and the failure to deliver promised salary increases. The criticism is procedural, focusing on the ministry's inability to verify and process data in a timely fashion. The confrontation is intense because this is fundamentally an issue of teacher support.
2024-03-20
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, press briefing.
The primary opposition is aimed at the government's policies, specifically the tax proposed by the Ministry of Social Affairs and the funding decision made by the Ministry of Culture. The criticism is both substantive and political, stressing that these measures are ineffective or detrimental to promoting physical activity. He/She also indirectly suggests that Health Minister Riina Sikkut was criticizing the Ministry of Culture's domain.
2024-03-19
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
The primary opposition is aimed at the government's policies, specifically the draft bill for the sweetened beverage tax prepared by the Ministry of Social Affairs. The criticism is policy-driven, accusing the government of failing to solve the underlying problem and focusing solely on collecting tax revenue ("dipping into people's pockets").
2024-03-18
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session
Insufficient data
2024-03-11
15th Estonian Parliament, 3rd session, plenary session
The opposition's stance is directed at the government's economic policy, particularly the raising of existing taxes and the introduction of new ones. The criticism is policy-based and framed as a question demanding an explanation from the government as to how these measures are supposed to build confidence. The intensity of the attack is moderate, but its substance is sharp.
2024-03-06
15th Riigikogu, 3rd session, plenary session
Insufficient data.
2024-03-05
15th Estonian Parliament, 3rd sitting, plenary session
The primary confrontation is aimed at the minister and his public communications, as he is accused of misrepresenting the content of Narva's application in the mass media. The criticism is intense and touches upon the ethical side of the minister's actions, suggesting that this may have been a deliberate signal, implying that Narva was acting against the law.
2024-02-19
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary sitting
The opposition is not aimed at individuals, but rather targets the government's potential inaction or ambiguity concerning the inclusion of Estonian entrepreneurs. The criticism is procedural and political, requiring the government to outline the planning for the development of concrete measures and provide clear answers.
2024-02-14
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
The main opponent is the Government of the Republic and the Prime Minister, who are being criticized for shifting responsibility onto others and for insufficient action in mitigating the economic crisis. Separately, the government's plan to take even more money from people through a car tax is highlighted. The criticism is directed at the government's political activities and priorities.
2024-02-07
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary sitting.
Criticism is directed against the submitter of the draft bill (The Honorable Jaak) regarding the inaccuracy of the explanatory memorandum. The objection is both procedural and policy-based, demanding clarity in defining the scope of student loan recipients, particularly concerning EU citizens.
2024-02-07
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
The confrontation is aimed at the government's political decisions, especially the abolition of free public transport, the usefulness of which is widely doubted. The criticism is policy-driven, demanding a detailed and public analysis of the reforms' impacts (including passenger numbers and the actual benefit derived by the state).
2024-01-24
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
Criticism is directed at the government's inaction or lack of awareness regarding the overburdening of healthcare workers. The confrontation is policy-driven, demanding concrete solutions from the Prime Minister for the existing crisis, which affects the quality and accessibility of services.
2024-01-23
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session
There is not enough data.
2024-01-17
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session
There is no confrontation; colleagues are addressed respectfully, and the thoroughness of their draft bill is praised. The focus is on explaining the policy, not criticizing it.
2024-01-17
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
The criticism is aimed at the government's activities and the lack or ambiguity of its plans, particularly concerning the transition of hobby schools to Estonian-language instruction and the impact of eastern border defense measures. The opposition is policy- and implementation-driven, focusing on unresolved issues and the concerns of local residents. The speaker indicates that the Centre Party does not fully agree with the education reform.
2024-01-15
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session.
The opposition is directed against the effectiveness of the government’s actions and programs, criticizing policy failures (such as the potential collapse of the green transition). The criticism is policy- and performance-based, delivered to the Prime Minister in the form of questions, demanding accountability.
2024-01-10
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, information briefing
The primary target of criticism is the government and the prime minister, whose policies are slammed as poor and misguided decisions that have resulted in deteriorating electricity supply security and rising prices. The criticism is based on both policy and performance, casting doubt on the government's competence in managing the economy. The opposition is intense, demanding an immediate plan to salvage the situation.
2024-01-08
15th Riigikogu, 3rd sitting, plenary session.
While direct opposition or criticism is not voiced, pressure is being exerted on the ministry to make clear and final decisions regarding the fate of regional schools. The criticism is aimed primarily at the prolongation of the decision-making process, rather than the substantive direction of the policy itself.