First reading of the draft resolution of the Riigikogu "Proposal to the Republic's Government to submit an application to the European Commission for the exemption of energy production companies from the obligation to purchase CO2 quotas" (619 OE)
Session: 15th Riigikogu, 5th sitting, plenary session
Date: 2025-05-14 21:08
Participating Politicians:
Total Speeches: 93
Membership: 15
Agenda Duration: 1h 48m
AI Summaries: 93/93 Speeches (100.0%)
Analysis: Structured Analysis
Politicians Speaking Time
Politicians
Analysis
Summary
The present agenda item concerned draft resolution 619 submitted by the Conservative People's Party of Estonia’s parliamentary group, which aimed to task the Government of the Republic with initiating negotiations with the European Commission to obtain an exemption from the obligation to purchase CO2 quotas for energy production companies. This was the first reading. The draft resolution was introduced by Member of the Riigikogu Rain Epler, and the discussion primarily focused on the European Union's climate and energy policy, and Estonia’s opportunities and risks in relation to the removal of the quota marking. The interests of neighboring countries Latvia and Lithuania were also addressed, and as a final conclusion, the need to reach a common position with the European Commission was noted.
Decisions Made 1
Bill 619 was rejected; the vote result: 20 in favor, 0 opposed, 0 abstentions.
Most Active Speaker
The most active speaker: Rain Epler (pid VrDPwHs2xBs), a member of the EKRE faction; right-wing political position. He presented a thorough background overview and directed the discussion around the content and strategic choices of the bill, striving to explain the context of energy policy risks and opportunities.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Today's eighth item on the agenda is the EKRE faction's draft Riigikogu decision No. 619, which requests that the Government of the Republic submit to the European Commission an exemption from the obligation for energy-producing enterprises to purchase CO2 quotas, and the draft is presented by Rain Epler from the Riigikogu's podium.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler said that Estonia is seeking an exemption from the European Commission for the CO2 quota purchase obligation for energy producers and is trying again to make Estonia a Baltic powerhouse, exporting electricity to neighboring countries, using oil shale, and ensuring affordable input energy and the stability of the quota market.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The presenter is thanked, there are questions, and Arvo Aller is invited.
Arvo Aller
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
According to Arvo Alleri, this bill is very necessary and the government should care about the people's livelihoods, because CO2 is an important component of the energy price, and he notes that consideration should be given to ending quota trading on the exchange, drawing a parallel with the EU milk quotas, where traders' profits exceeded those of producers and the system was ultimately terminated.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler notes that quota trading has become a financial instrument in which bankers profit and energy producers incur high costs, and that leaving the exchange or signing direct contracts with neighbors could provide Estonians and companies with affordable and accessible electricity.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chairman invited Helle-Moonika Helme to speak.
Helle-Moonika Helme
Profiling Eesti Konservatiivse Rahvaerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Helle-Moonika Helme claims that CO2 accounts for only about 0.004% of the atmosphere, and the entire fear and manipulation campaign built on that claim is a big lie, whose aim is to sell air to the public and manipulate the population, especially young people.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler claims that the whole climate hysteria is largely based on lies, the scientific consensus is influenced by funding, and Mann's hockey-stick graph is a fraud that has been proven in court, and Gore and the political game keep the public in fear.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Chairman Lauri Hussar invites Lauri Laats onto the stage.
Lauri Laats
Profiling Eesti Keskerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Lauri Laats criticizes the CO2 market as a redistribution market, where consumers pay and the money is directed back into the green economy, which is not sustainable and diminishes European competitiveness, and highlights an example of market speculation in the GO certificates market.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler criticizes the energy industry's certificate market and the opacity of funding for the green transition, citing reports from the European Court of Auditors, according to which money goes to green initiatives quite a lot, but real global reductions in emissions are not visible; in the West there is progress, but China and India are growing, and he warns against demagogy that tries to stand out separately on the topic of Estonia's warming.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chairman invited Evelin Poolametsa onto the stage.
Evelin Poolamets
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Evelin Poolamets noted that although electricity production from oil shale has fallen by 24%, the region's electricity price is 17% cheaper, and she asked how much the price could fall if the obligation to purchase CO2 quotas were abolished, and how much the production volume of oil shale electricity would increase.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler states that Estonia could set the price of electricity at about 30 euros per megawatt-hour for oil shale plants, taking into account their lifespans and local resources, and within five years build enough capacity to cover the majority of consumption, while at the same time emphasizing that the instability of renewable sources creates stabilization costs that should be taken into account in legislation, so that two separate systems would not be needed for a single system.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chair invited Anti Poolamets to take the floor.
Anti Poolamets
Profiling Eesti Konservatiivse Rahvaerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Anti Poolamets criticizes CO2 ideology and point 2 of the draft bill, joking about Estonia warming and leaving the sauna door open, and refers to issues of national security and the energy crisis, as well as the recent Spain–Portugal grid failures and Britain's warnings about power outages.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler notes, based on the Spanish example, that the claims about a high share of renewable energy — that the outage has nothing to do with it — are erroneous, and although the risks materialize, people still cling to their narrative until a larger catastrophe forces energy policy onto a sensible path, similar to the Lysenko era.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chairman, Lauri Hussar, announced that we would move on and invited René Kokku to speak next.
AI Summary
Rene Kokk stresses that the price of energy is central to the economy, and CO2 regulation and quotas are decisions adopted at the EU level by the people, and he calls on partners to negotiate and to present a proposal to temporarily withdraw from the European Union, although EKRE would prefer instead a full withdrawal.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler emphasized that although there is talk about the price of the CO2 quota and cheap driving electricity, the temporary draft is reasonable due to the geopolitical situation and competitiveness, and if the concern subsides, it can be terminated or amended, and he commends Hanah Lahet for involving a young person in the deliberations.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The Speaker Lauri Hussar turns to Hanah Lahe with a request.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe notes that they are thinking about the same topics, but in different directions, and asks about the connection of this draft bill to climate and the environment, emphasizing her obligation to protect the environment as a member of the Environment Committee and as an Estonian citizen.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler emphasizes that the climate has changed throughout history and that people do not have control over it, therefore we must focus on environmental protection and people’s well-being and develop efficient, sustainable technologies, rather than believe that solar panels and wind turbines will save the environment with large resource consumption.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Chairman Lauri Hussar invited Mart Maastik onto the stage.
Mart Maastik
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Mart Maastik thanks the chair and Rain for the long and thorough explanation, and asks whether Mario Kadastik's oft-stated assertion in the Economic Committee that wind energy is cheaper than oil shale energy also holds when the CO2 quota is removed.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler claims that when taking into account the total actual cost – construction, maintenance, lifetime, land use, as well as hidden taxes and subsidies added to the grid – wind and solar energy are not cheaper than fossil or nuclear energy.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The Speaker, Lauri Hussar, thanked Evelin Poolametsa and Hanah Lahet and explained that due to the procedural format, every member of the Riigikogu may submit one oral question to each of the two presenters, and therefore he cannot pose a second question and directs it to Jüri Jaanson.
Jüri Jaanson
Profiling Eesti Reformierakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Jüri Jaanson emphasized that climate changes are both natural and human-made, and that human-made climate change has been scientifically proven, and carbon quotas have been created to reduce it, and he asked whether the respondent belongs to the camp that denies human-made climate change, and what his stance is on the idea of carbon emission quotas.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler claims that human impact on the climate is small and within the margin of error, and although he does not completely reject CO2-quota slogans, global warming continues and emissions move from the West to China, India, Pakistan and elsewhere, which he criticizes as 'virtue signaling,' i.e., compensatory moral posturing.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The presenter is thanked, there are no questions, and before continuing, the procedure for conducting the meeting is discussed.
Helle-Moonika Helme
Profiling Eesti Konservatiivse Rahvaerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Helle-Moonika Helme raised a procedural question about the conduct of the meeting, arguing that the House Rules and Procedures Act allows asking only one question from each presenter, and asked how Hanah Lahe could exercise the right to a second question and why she was not given that option when she came to the podium as a co-presenter.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
According to the Riigikogu's Rules of Procedure, only one question may be asked to each presentation, and no exceptions can be made; therefore Hanah Lahet is asked to introduce the Environment Committee's debate at the Riigikogu's speaking podium.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe pointed out that there is insufficient impact assessment regarding the draft bill, and clear answers were not given to many questions, but the committee decided to bring the draft bill onto the plenary session's agenda and to hold the final vote on May 14 by consensus.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chair, Lauri Hussar, thanks you and invites questions, and asks Lauri Laats to take the floor.
Lauri Laats
Profiling Eesti Keskerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Lauri Laats describes the CO2 market as a financial circular economy, where money moves toward green projects and a hidden market arises, where even buying a green pen might actually mean buying CO2 quotas, and he asks whether this is normal.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe said that a subjective concept is normal, and HKS is not created directly to benefit the state, but as a transition fund, the proceeds from which are systematically invested to reduce future costs, even though the world currently depends on fossil fuels, we are nevertheless moving toward a cleaner and greener economy.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chair invited Helle-Moonika Helme to speak.
Helle-Moonika Helme
Profiling Eesti Konservatiivse Rahvaerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Helle-Moonika Helme emphasizes that the use of fossil energy does not make a country any less democratic, and she cites examples from the United States, Australia, India, Norway and Japan, and asks whether the claim that these countries are not democratic or that we do not want to live in them holds true, and whether the link between democracy and fossil energy has been discussed in the committee.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe explains that they did not discuss the China connection, emphasizes the importance of China's 2060 climate target and the global transition to fossil fuels, and notes that the U.S. president's climate policy is backward-looking and unsuitable as an example.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The Chairman Lauri Hussar invites Rain Epler to perform.
Rain Epler
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Rain Epler initially noted a similarity to the U.S. president, stated that the use of Article 10c of the ETS Directive can no longer be used, and that his bill is based on Article 122 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and ultimately posed a philosophical question about which he would prefer: economic well-being and the continuation of fossil fuels, or a decline in people’s standard of living, healthcare, and education.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe asks not to be compared with the President of the United States and emphasizes that climate change and its economic and harmful impact on biodiversity are important and must not go unaddressed.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Chairman Lauri Hussar invites Arvo Alleri onto the stage.
Arvo Aller
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Arvo Aller discussed exiting the CO2 system and pointed out that Article 122 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union may be relied upon for withdrawal or for requesting a derogation, taking into account the involvement of neighboring countries and, against the backdrop of the security situation, finding a derogation for the CO2 component in our energy price.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
The commission did not discuss the withdrawal of a specific article, but officials from the Climate Ministry recommended finding consensus with other countries and issuing a joint appeal, which other countries often do not want, and in the security context renewable energy and a clean economy are a very important part of that.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chairman Lauri Hussar turned to Evelin Poolametsa and asked her to come.
Evelin Poolamets
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Evelin Poolamets asked the Commission whether there had been talk or criticism about CO2 trading, noting that the system does not meet its objectives and that CO2 quotas have become speculative financial instruments, which rich countries and large corporations buy from poorer emitters, and therefore it does not help to protect the environment.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Although the emissions trading system has faced criticism at various times, it is currently the best instrument we have and has proven itself to be very effective, and Estonia has derived substantial benefits from it for a sustainable transition and development.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chairman Lauri Hussar invited Rene Kokk to perform.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe said that Estonia has gained a lot of benefits from belonging to the European Union, she does not agree with the view that the Union is not right for Estonia, and she stressed that the topic is broad and not suitable for discussion in the Environmental Committee.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chairman invited Mart Maastik to speak.
Mart Maastik
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Mart Maastik asks how removing the CO2 quota tax and the energy-price component associated with it, and directing that money into the state budget (for example, as funding for Rail Baltica) would actually reduce climate warming.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe emphasizes that Rail Baltica is a part of green and sustainable development, and although every human activity leaves a footprint on the environment, she believes that the positive impacts of Rail Baltica outweigh the negative ones.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chairman Lauri Hussar asks Anti Poolametsa.
Anti Poolamets
Profiling Eesti Konservatiivse Rahvaerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Anti Poolamets asks whether the United States' withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, the termination of subsidies for offshore wind farms, and the increase of coal production affect the entire climate policy and Estonia as well, and what he thinks about this and why he has been so harshly criticized, while emphasizing that coal-fired power plants are essential for U.S. steel production.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe emphasized that climate policy must not be erased or halted for ideological reasons, because denying the human origin of climate change is unsustainable, and its effects are visible in the U.S. economy.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Chair Lauri Hussar thanked the presenter, announced that the questions had ended, opened negotiations, and, on behalf of the Isamaa faction, asked that his colleague Mart Maastik come to the Riigikogu's podium here.
Mart Maastik
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Maastik stressed that although environmental protection is important, energy policy must ensure competitiveness and affordable energy prices for consumers, because surcharges, grid charges and the costs of maintaining frequency, as well as subsidization, tend to make the actual price of dispatchable energy higher.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chairman Lauri Hussar requests three more minutes.
Mart Maastik
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Maastik criticizes climate hysteria and emphasizes that the energy price must be competitive and that the binding nature of long-term promises must end, and recommends appealing to the European Union with the backing of EKRE and Raini’s draft to step off this train of madness toward the abyss.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Speaker Lauri Hussar, on behalf of the Centre Party faction, asks colleague Lauri Laatsi to come to the Riigikogu rostrum and requests three minutes of additional time.
Lauri Laats
Profiling Eesti Keskerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Lauri Laats warns about the real impact of the green transition and states that green energy is often not as green as promised, citing examples from the United States, electric cars, and the hotel industry, and emphasizes that Europe alone will not change the world and that a reform of the CO2 market is essential.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
On behalf of the EKRE faction, a request is made to the Riigikogu to grant the floor so that our colleague Martin Helme may speak.
Martin Helme
Profiling Eesti Konservatiivse Rahvaerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
He says he'll take three extra minutes just in case.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chairman, Lauri Hussar, asked for three minutes of extra time.
Martin Helme
Profiling Eesti Konservatiivse Rahvaerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Martin Helme states that CO2 isn't toxic and that climate panic is a big lie, and calls for ending the fight against CO2 with the bill, in accordance with EU rules, or, if necessary, to leave the EU in order to protect the economy.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
On behalf of the Reform Party faction, it is requested that Hanah Lahet deliver a speech at the Riigikogu's speaking podium.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe said that existential anxiety comes not from climate policy, but from the lies spread by colleagues of EKRE, Isamaa and the Centre Party, and she emphasized an honest and fact-based discussion on energy policy and the cost of living, taking a broader view, in contrast to EKRE's recently disseminated concept of 'juhuenergia,' which seeks to portray climate policy as the biggest obstacle to the economy and security.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The speech is merely a greeting addressed to colleagues.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
The speech is addressed to Helle-Moonika.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chair, Lauri Hussar, invited listeners to hear Hanah Lahe's positions, asked not to interrupt so that she could finish her speech, and noted that afterwards there would be an opportunity to make further remarks.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe states that with regard to ideologies associated with the prefixes "climate-", "environment-" or "green-" it is madness, but she emphasizes that the world is moving toward a cleaner and climate-resilient economy, and Estonia must invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy and reduce the use of oil shale, because it is both economically sensible and better for the environment.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Chairman Lauri Hussar asked for three minutes of extra time.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe emphasized that Estonia's success lies in ingenuity, flexibility, and reliability, and we must not fall back on simplified and temporary solutions; instead we must invest wisely, develop a sustainable economy, and stay the course, which brings strength to the economy and international credibility, because without a habitable planet there is no us either.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chair announced that although there are no longer any requests to speak, in accordance with §70 of the Rules of Procedure Mart Maastik has the right to make a reply speech, since his positions were mentioned as representing the Isamaa faction.
Mart Maastik
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Mart Maastik said that climate change is happening and the extent of human-caused impact is a topic of discussion, referred to the atmospheric CO2 concentration at around 0.035–0.04% and the human-caused portion at about 5%, criticized the trading of CO2 quotas, and stated that Isamaa's aim is to end it and to seek a solution from the European Union — and this is the content of the draft bill.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chair, Lauri Hussar, explains the interpretation of §70 and confirms that although the speech was on behalf of Martin Helme and there could be a right of reply for him, he cannot give it to Arvo Aller, and the right of reply is given to colleague Lauri Laats.
Lauri Laats
Profiling Eesti Keskerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
They stress that climate change has occurred and something must be done, but in their view CO2 quota trading is not a solution and would bring disagreement within the coalition, using the doctor's example where the finger is treated instead of the toe.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Chairman Lauri Hussar thanked Helle-Moonika Helme and requested that the presenter not be interrupted going forward, noting that Hanah Lahe's address reflected only Martin Helme's viewpoint, and the session needed to proceed.
Helle-Moonika Helme
Profiling Eesti Konservatiivse Rahvaerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
Helle-Moonika Helme apologized for possible disturbance, said that the noise wasn't actually that big, and blamed the liberals, especially Kaja Kallas, for their tactic of trying to have whispering captured in the stenogram.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Chairman Hussar asks the other side to present their rebuttal.
Helle-Moonika Helme
Profiling Eesti Konservatiivse Rahvaerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
My answer is that the development of renewable energy is expensive and not actually green; in the debate one should avoid labeling and conspiracy theories, because selling CO2-labeled air is moving money around, which makes countries poorer.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Chairman Lauri Hussar says that now is the time.
Helle-Moonika Helme
Profiling Eesti Konservatiivse Rahvaerakonna fraktsioonAI Summary
They claim that this action impoverishes nations, that it will end soon, and that history will in the end show who was right.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chair, Lauri Hussar, thanked them, closed the negotiations and said that before moving forward the procedure for conducting the meeting must be discussed, and asked Hanah Lahet to come.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe emphasizes that she mentioned Martin Helme, not Helle-Moonika Helme, and notes that Helle-Moonika Helme often distracts speakers and makes lip movements that hinder concentration at the podium or on the draft.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Chairman Lauri Hussar thanked.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
They express a serious desire to be shown in the current camera feed, because it is unsightly, and they ask whether anything could be done about it.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Chairman Lauri Hussar thanks.
Hanah Lahe
Profiling Fraktsiooni mittekuuluvad Riigikogu liikmedAI Summary
Hanah Lahe asks that people in this hall be polite, and notes that Arvo Aller never takes any action on this matter.
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
The chair, Lauri Hussar, informed that there are no amendments to Bill 619 and that the final vote would commence, and he brought to the final vote the Riigikogu resolution submitted by the EKRE faction, “A proposal to the Government of the Republic to submit a request to the European Commission to exempt energy-producing enterprises from the obligation to purchase CO2 quotas.”
Esimees Lauri Hussar
AI Summary
Bill 619 received 20 votes in favor, there were no votes against and no abstentions, and it has been rejected.